{"id":918,"date":"2024-06-30T20:36:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T18:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=918"},"modified":"2024-06-30T19:22:04","modified_gmt":"2024-06-30T17:22:04","slug":"propaganda-a-komunisticka-strana-ceskoslovenska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=918","title":{"rendered":"Propaganda a Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010ceskoslovenska"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Po febru\u00e1rovom prevrate 1948, kedy sa k moci v \u010ceskoslovensku dostala Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010ceskoslovenska (KS\u010c) hovor\u00edme a\u017e do Ne\u017enej revol\u00facie v roku 1989 o zaveden\u00ed komunistick\u00e9ho totalitn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu v \u0161t\u00e1te. K zavedeniu \u201ekni\u017en\u00e9ho\u201c komunizmu v\u0161ak v \u010ceskoslovensku nikdy nedo\u0161lo. Syst\u00e9m ktor\u00fd v tomto obdob\u00ed existoval v \u0161t\u00e1te ozna\u010dujeme ako komunistick\u00fd, preto\u017ee moci mala v ruk\u00e1ch komunistick\u00e1 strana. \u00dastava z roku 1960 hovor\u00ed o v\u00ed\u0165azstve socializmu s t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa \u0161t\u00e1t pripravuje na prechod ku komunizmu. \u010eal\u0161ie \u010dl\u00e1nky \u00fastavy ukladaj\u00fa ved\u00facu \u00falohu KS\u010c\u00a0 a form\u00e1lne zakotvuj\u00fa ako \u0161t\u00e1tnu ideol\u00f3giu marxizmus-leninizmus.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samotn\u00fd pojem propaganda poch\u00e1dza z latinsk\u00e9ho slova propagare<\/em>, \u010do v preklade znamen\u00e1 rozmno\u017eova\u0165<\/em>. \u017daloudek pri defin\u00edcii pojmu propaganda rozli\u0161uje medzi \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm a u\u017e\u0161\u00edm zmyslom slova. V \u0161ir\u0161om zmysle pova\u017euje propagandu za prenos inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, z centra riadenia medzi \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dlenov organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed\/soci\u00e1lne skupiny, alebo do \u0161irok\u00e9ho obyvate\u013estva. V u\u017e\u0161om zmysle slova, ide o roz\u0161irovanie vybran\u00fdch n\u00e1zorov spojen\u00fdch so snahou o ich vnucovanie. Propaganda p\u00f4sob\u00ed dlhodobo a komplexne.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propagandu \u0161tandardne rozde\u013eujeme na oslavn\u00fa a o\u010dier\u0148uj\u00facu. Oslavn\u00e1 m\u00e1 za \u00falohu vyzdvihova\u0165 ist\u00fa osobu, skuto\u010dnos\u0165, alebo n\u00e1zor. Na druhej strane, o\u010dier\u0148uj\u00faca propaganda m\u00e1 druh\u00fa stranu po\u0161kodi\u0165 a o\u010dierni\u0165. \u010eal\u0161ie delenie propagandy, pod\u013ea mo\u017enosti identifikovania autora a p\u00f4vod obsahu, rozde\u013euje propagandu do troch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed, a to na bielu, \u0161ed\u00fa a \u010diernu. Biela propaganda, \u010dasto bran\u00e1 aj ako propag\u00e1cia, obsahuje overite\u013en\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie z identifikovate\u013en\u00fdch\/uveden\u00fdch zdrojov. Jej cie\u013eom je ovplyvni\u0165 verejn\u00fa mienku, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie za \u00fa\u010delom mobiliz\u00e1cie. \u0160ed\u00e1 propaganda, stoj\u00ed medzi bielou a \u010diernou propagandou, inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m \u010dasto ch\u00fdba zdroj, ale odli\u0161uje ju selekt\u00edvne prezentovanie pravdiv\u00fdch skuto\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa subjekt\u00edvne prezentovan\u00e9. \u010cierna propaganda, ako opak bielej propagandy, obsahuje nepravdiv\u00e9, neoverite\u013en\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie, kde \u010dasto ch\u00fdba zdroj aj autor. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 napr\u00edklad o oh\u00fdbanie skuto\u010dnost\u00ed vo svoj prospech a z\u00e1mern\u00e9 \u0161\u00edrenie nepravdiv\u00fdch a zav\u00e1dzaj\u00facich inform\u00e1ci\u00ed (dezinform\u00e1cie).[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1ve propaganda zohrala ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00falohu, nie len pri prechode k re\u017eimu KS\u010c, ale pomohla strane udr\u017ea\u0165 si moc nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed. Po\u010fla Arendtovej \u201ePropaganda a teror predstavuj\u00fa v totalitn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch dve strany tej istej mince<\/em>.\u201c[4]<\/a> Propaganda zohr\u00e1vala v \u010ceskoslovensku k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu, a m\u00f4\u017eeme jej prip\u00edsa\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 \u201e\u00faspechu\u201c KS\u010c. Pr\u00e1ve priaze\u0148 a d\u00f4vera \u0161irokej masy sa z\u00edskava propagandou.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KS\u010c pomohla taktie\u017e situ\u00e1cia po druhej svetovej vojne, nako\u013eko pr\u00e1ve Sovietsky zv\u00e4z sa podie\u013eal na porazen\u00ed fa\u0161izmu a nacizmu v Eur\u00f3pe, najm\u00e4 na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska. KS\u010c prebrala t\u00fato r\u00e9toriku \u201espasite\u013eov\u201c a sna\u017eila sa vyu\u017ei\u0165 absol\u00fatny potenci\u00e1l tejto situ\u00e1cie. Prirodzen\u00fdm ideologick\u00fdm zameran\u00edm oslovovali najm\u00e4 pracuj\u00facu triedu (zn\u00e1rodnenie strategick\u00fdch podnikov, reforma pozemkov…), ktor\u00e1 bola nie len po\u010detn\u00e1, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 bola najviac zasiahnut\u00e1 povojnovou chudobou v ekonomickej sf\u00e9re.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj – strach<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strach predstavuje neodmyslite\u013en\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre politick\u00fa propagandu. Ide o siln\u00fa em\u00f3ciu, vlastn\u00fa ka\u017edej \u017eivej bytosti, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 myslenie a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 konanie \u010dloveka. V dejin\u00e1ch sa so zastra\u0161ovan\u00edm a fenom\u00e9nom strachu stret\u00e1vame u\u017e od \u00fapln\u00e9ho po\u010diatku. U\u017e v obdob\u00ed antiky ozna\u010dil Tukydides strach za hybn\u00fa silu politick\u00e9ho konania. Pr\u00e1ve totalitn\u00e9 re\u017eimy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, a spoliehaj\u00fa sa na em\u00f3ciu strachu, ktor\u00fa n\u00e1sledne \u0161\u00edria prostredn\u00edctvom propagandy. Propaganda, ktor\u00e1 nevyu\u017e\u00edva faktor strachu je m\u00e1lo efekt\u00edvna a nikdy nedosiahne svoj po\u017eadovan\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Z\u00e1rove\u0148, samotn\u00fd strach bez propagandy nedisponuje dostato\u010dn\u00fdmi prostriedkami na uskuto\u010dnenie ak\u00fdchko\u013evek cie\u013eov.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie fenom\u00e9nu strachu so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a v\u0161ak aj ist\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody. \u010casto sa strach st\u00e1va dvojse\u010dnou zbra\u0148ou, pri\u010dom jeho \u0161\u00edritelia sa za\u010dn\u00fa samy ob\u00e1va\u0165 toho, \u010doho chc\u00fa aby sa ob\u00e1vala \u0161irok\u00e1 verejnos\u0165. V\u00fdskum o strachu na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska po roku 1948 objavil, \u017ee t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed strach \u0161\u00edrili (najm\u00e4 strach zo zrady, triedny nepriate\u013e), sa samy b\u00e1li neoddanosti svoji kolegov a spolustran\u00edkov, pri\u010dom ne\u0161lo len o strach medzi stran\u00edkmi na ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch postoch, ale aj medzi ved\u00facimi funkcion\u00e1rmi. S\u00fa\u010dasne existoval aj strach z Moskvy, ktor\u00e1 predstavovala nevyspytate\u013en\u00e9ho a ve\u013ek\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010da, ktor\u00fd mohol r\u00fdchlo zakro\u010di\u0165, ak satelit \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika nepredstavoval re\u017eim pod\u013ea predst\u00e1v Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladom strachu sa v\u0161ak stal fenom\u00e9n nepriate\u013ea, ktor\u00fd bojuje proti re\u017eimu, a chce pom\u00f4c\u0165 glob\u00e1lnemu nepriate\u013eovi ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1t. Vn\u00fatrostran\u00edcka podozrievavos\u0165 vy\u00fastila a\u017e do extr\u00e9mov, ke\u010f\u017ee strana sa s\u00fastredila na odhalenie zradcov a pr\u00edvr\u017eencov nepriate\u013ea vo vlastn\u00fdch stran\u00edckych \u0161trukt\u00farach. Pr\u00edkladom v\u00fdsledku strachu ako dvojse\u010dnej zbrane je proces s gener\u00e1lnym tajomn\u00edkom \u00dastredn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru KS\u010c Rudolfom Slansk\u00fdm. Spolu s n\u00edm bolo ods\u00faden\u00fdch nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dlenov \u00fadajn\u00e9ho sprisahania proti re\u017eimu, pri\u010dom na \u010dele mal st\u00e1\u0165 Slansk\u00fd. Vo veci bolo v roku 1952 vynesen\u00fdch 11 rozsudkov trestu smrti, medzi ktor\u00fdmi bol jeden aj pre Slansk\u00e9ho. Pr\u00e1ve Rudolf Slansk\u00fd v\u0161ak predt\u00fdm st\u00e1l za re\u017eimom a dohliadal na politick\u00e9 procesy s triednymi nepriate\u013emi.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Triedny nepriate\u013e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dalohou propagandy bolo vytvori\u0165 v spolo\u010dnosti opozit\u00e1. Dominovalo delenie spolo\u010dnosti na \u201emy\u201c a \u201eoni\u201c. Za druh\u00fa stranu bol ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto nes\u00fahlasil s re\u017eimom, alebo pre neho predstavoval ist\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 destabiliz\u00e1cie. Pod pojmom \u201eoni\u201c sa skr\u00fdval aj obraz triedneho nepriate\u013ea, ktor\u00fd zohr\u00e1val v propagande KS\u010c d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu. Ot\u00e1zka, kto presne bol triedny nepriate\u013e ost\u00e1vala ve\u013emi ned\u00f4sledne zodpovedan\u00e1. T\u00fdm p\u00e1dom mohol by\u0165 za triedneho nepriate\u013ea ozna\u010den\u00fd takmer ktoko\u013evek, pri\u010dom nez\u00e1le\u017ealo na tom, \u010di ide o v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho \u010dlena strany KS\u010c, alebo o be\u017en\u00e9ho ob\u010dana. Nikto presne nevedel, kto je triedny nepriate\u013e, ako sa spr\u00e1va, \u010di ako vyzer\u00e1, \u010do z\u00e1merne prinieslo medzi obyvate\u013eov \u010ceskoslovenska ve\u013ek\u00fa podozrievavos\u0165.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Triedny nepriate\u013e sa mohol vyskytova\u0165 v dvoch podob\u00e1ch, a to vo forme vonkaj\u0161ieho nepriate\u013ea a vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho nepriate\u013ea. Medzi vonkaj\u0161\u00edch nepriate\u013eov patrila opozitn\u00e1 sf\u00e9ra re\u017eimu, v\u0161etko \u010do odporovalo ideol\u00f3gii a vyskytovalo sa za hranicami \u0161t\u00e1tu. I\u0161lo napr\u00edklad o pr\u00edvr\u017eencov kapitalizmu, Organiz\u00e1ciu Severoatlantickej zmluvy (NATO), Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 (USA) a predstavite\u013eov cirkvi, menovite napr\u00edklad Vatik\u00e1n. Vn\u00fatorn\u00fd nepriate\u013e sa nach\u00e1dzal vo vn\u00fatri \u0161t\u00e1tu. I\u0161lo o ob\u010danov, ktor\u00ed neboli v s\u00falade s re\u017eimom. Mohlo \u00eds\u0165 o opozi\u010dn\u00fdch politikov, ob\u010dianskych odporcov re\u017eimu a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch predstavite\u013eov. Nesk\u00f4r sa v\u0161ak medzi vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi nepriate\u013emi objavili aj pr\u00edvr\u017eenci re\u017eimu a vysoko postaven\u00ed politici KS\u010c. Z\u00e1kladom oper\u00e1ci\u00ed proti vn\u00fatorn\u00e9mu nepriate\u013eovi bolo vydieranie a mu\u010denie, aby sa po\u017eadovan\u00e1 osoba priznala aj k veciam, ktor\u00e9 v\u00f4bec nemusela sp\u00e1cha\u0165. V\u00fdsledkom jednania s vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi nepriate\u013emi boli prenasledovania a politick\u00e9 procesy. \u010cast\u00fdm rozsudkom t\u00fdchto procesov bol trest smrti. Z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho procesu \u0165a\u017eila KS\u010c propagandisticky \u010do najviac, aby posilnila faktor strachu a udr\u017eala si re\u0161pekt.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 1 \u2013 Propaganda o triednom nepriate\u013eovi<\/em> (https:\/\/vlast.cz\/totalitni-propaganda\/)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 2 \u2013 Propaganda proti USA<\/em> (https:\/\/vlast.cz\/totalitni-propaganda\/)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propaganda v kult\u00fare a be\u017enom \u017eivote<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9torika propagandy KS\u010c sa niesla v znamen\u00ed \u201elen to sovietske je najlep\u0161ie<\/em>.\u201c Re\u017eim sa nezameriaval len na z\u00edskanie politickej moci, ale mal za cie\u013e ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165 jednotlivca ako celok, jeho myslenie, spr\u00e1vanie, v\u00fdber povolania a aj sp\u00f4sob tr\u00e1venia vo\u013en\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Ideol\u00f3gia mala vychova\u0165 z ob\u010dana tzv. socialistick\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd nemal kona\u0165 pod\u013ea seba, ale pod\u013ea toho, \u010do sa KS\u010c p\u00e1\u010di, a \u010do strana pova\u017eovala za vhodn\u00e9 pre re\u017eim. T\u00e1to kontrola siahala hlboko do kult\u00fary, strana chcela ovplyvni\u0165 v\u00fdber kn\u00edh, oble\u010denia aj hudby.\u00a0 Z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm pojmom sa stalo slovo pr\u00e1ca, \u010do pozna\u0165 u\u017e z pozdravu \u201e\u010ces\u0165 pr\u00e1ci<\/em>!\u201c Propaganda silne p\u00f4sobila na sf\u00e9ru manu\u00e1lnej pr\u00e1ce, \u010do je pochopite\u013en\u00e9, nako\u013eko KS\u010c sa zameriavala na pracuj\u00facu triedu. Cie\u013eom bolo aj t\u00fato triedu roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165, a pril\u00e1ka\u0165 nov\u00fdch priaznivcov. Manu\u00e1lna pr\u00e1ca, a prilo\u017eenie ruky k budovaniu \u0161t\u00e1tu sa pova\u017eovalo za \u0161\u013eachetn\u00e9 a \u00factyhodn\u00e9.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 3  \u2013 Podpora pr\u00e1ce<\/em> (https:\/\/vlast.cz\/totalitni-propaganda\/)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propaganda sa prejavila aj v sf\u00e9re hudby, ke\u010f\u017ee v medzivojnovom obdob\u00ed sa na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska roz\u0161\u00edrili \u017e\u00e1nre z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho sveta ako d\u017eez a swing. T\u00fdmto \u017e\u00e1nrom prospel aj rozmach rozhlasov\u00e9ho vysielania a \u010do raz viac popul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed gramof\u00f3nov\u00fd priemysel. Po roku 1948 sa hranice uzavreli a boli nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 rozhlasov\u00e9 ru\u0161i\u010dky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd priemysel, ktor\u00fd mohol vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 a \u0161\u00edri\u0165 hudbu bol zn\u00e1rodnen\u00fd a vzat\u00fd pod kontrolu KS\u010c. N\u00e1hradu za d\u017eez a swing mala poskytn\u00fa\u0165 estr\u00e1dna hudba, ktor\u00e1 bola umelo vytvoren\u00e1 na tanec a z\u00e1bavu. Hudba mala umo\u017eni\u0165 oddych sovietskemu \u010dloveku mimo pracovnej doby. Piesne obsahovali jednoduch\u00e9 a \u013eahko zapam\u00e4tate\u013en\u00e9 texty s ideologick\u00fdm zafarben\u00edm.\u00a0 Mnoh\u00e9 z nich zneli ka\u017edodenne z rozhlasu a boli z\u00e1rove\u0148 aj povinnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ml\u00e1de\u017en\u00edckych spev\u00e1ckych zborov. Verejnos\u0165 ich v\u0161ak brala ako povinnos\u0165 a nikdy jej v skuto\u010dnosti neprir\u00e1stli k srdcu, \u010do ukazuje aj ich neschopnos\u0165 uchyti\u0165 si ob\u013e\u00fabenos\u0165\u00a0 v gramof\u00f3novom priemysle. V 50. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia sa d\u017eez a swing rehabilitovali a KS\u010c sa ich nau\u010dila akceptova\u0165, nako\u013eko pri\u0161iel v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed hudobn\u00fd probl\u00e9m vo forme rock and roll.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propaganda neobi\u0161la ani \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fa telev\u00edziu, ktor\u00e1 sa od svojho za\u010diatku stala nosite\u013eom propagandy KS\u010c. Aj ke\u010f len ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo obyvate\u013eov vlastnilo telev\u00edzor, KS\u010c si uvedomovala potenci\u00e1l vlastnej telev\u00edznej stanice. Vysielaj\u00faci program a obsah bol pod priamou kontrolou KS\u010c, preto\u017ee v\u00fdbor \u010ceskoslovenskej telev\u00edzie sa pravidelne stret\u00e1val s \u00dastredn\u00fdm v\u00fdborom KS\u010c, kde konzultovali smerovanie telev\u00edzie. Telev\u00edzia prezentovala \u00faspechy strany v \u0161t\u00e1te, ako napr\u00edklad pokroky vo v\u00fdstavbe, podporovala vyhl\u00e1senia strany a vyz\u00fdvala sledovate\u013eov k oddanosti k re\u017eimu. Spravodajstvo medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch udalost\u00ed bolo upraven\u00e9 tak, aby jasne ozna\u010dilo z\u00e1padn\u00e9 mocnosti za vinn\u00edka v\u0161etk\u00e9ho zla a nepokojov vo svete. Dom\u00e1ce probl\u00e9my \u010ceskoslovenska nedost\u00e1vali \u017eiaden priestor, preto\u017ee telev\u00edzia mala za \u00falohu prezentova\u0165 socialistick\u00fd svet ako ten najlep\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd na \u017eivot.[14]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Americk\u00fd chrob\u00e1k a propaganda u det\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1strojom propagandy neunikol ani svet hmyzu. V obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy KS\u010c si 12 mm dlh\u00fd chrob\u00e1k p\u00e1savka zemiakov\u00e1 nepr\u00e1vom zasl\u00fa\u017eil prez\u00fdvky ako nepriate\u013e mieru a americk\u00fd vyslanec z Wall Street. Pr\u00ed\u010dinou bol zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt tohto chrob\u00e1ka, ktor\u00fd KS\u010c vyu\u017eila ako propagandistick\u00fa kampa\u0148 proti z\u00e1padu. P\u00e1savka zemiakov\u00e1 skuto\u010dne poch\u00e1dza z USA, ale v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed sa za pomoci lodnej prepravy ne\u00famyselne roz\u0161\u00edrila do celej Eur\u00f3py. Jej nadmern\u00fd v\u00fdskyt je \u0161kodliv\u00fd najm\u00e4 pre \u00farodu. KS\u010c si spojila akcie na ochranu \u00farody s faktom, \u017ee p\u00e1savka poch\u00e1dza zo zeme nepriate\u013ea, a vytvorila propagandu zameran\u00fa na imperializmus. Prirovn\u00e1vala obsadenie \u00fazemia p\u00e1savkou zemiakovou k mo\u017en\u00e9mu obsadeniu \u010ceskoslovenska \u0161pi\u00f3nmi USA. Do propagandy sa zapojilo ka\u017ed\u00e9 vl\u00e1dne m\u00e9dium. Ministri dokonca chodili do krajov, aby na r\u00f4znych miestach zorganizovali akcie na ru\u010dn\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie p\u00e1savky zemiakovej z \u00farody. KS\u010c roz\u0161irovala r\u00f4zne propagandistick\u00e9 plag\u00e1ty, ktor\u00e9 vyobrazovali p\u00e1savku vo farb\u00e1ch vlajky USA, ako zastra\u0161uje a podma\u0148uje si neboh\u00fd \u013eud.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 4  \u2013 Prezident Truman a p\u00e1savka zemiakov\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(https:\/\/www.ustrcr.cz\/data\/pdf\/pamet-dejiny\/0801-22-38.pdf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na druhej strane od p\u00e1savky zemiakovej st\u00e1l ide\u00e1lny predstavite\u013e komunistu Ferdo mravec. Ferdo mravec sa vyskytoval v detskom \u010dasopise Mate\u0159\u00eddou\u0161ka<\/em>. Komiksy publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise ukazovali Ferda mravca ako pr\u00edkladn\u00e9ho komunistu, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1ha svojej komunite, chod\u00ed na stran\u00edcke zrazy, \u0161etr\u00ed si na vkladn\u00fa kni\u017eku, podporuje svojich kamar\u00e1tov vo fyzickej pr\u00e1ci a buduje socialistick\u00fa vlas\u0165. Spolu so svojou kamar\u00e1tkou Beru\u0161kou zbierali a separovali odpad a nosili papier do zberu. Ferdo mravec bol taktie\u017e \u010dasto vyobrazovan\u00fd s politick\u00fdmi tematikami sovietskych kraj\u00edn, ako napr\u00edklad s novinami, ktor\u00e9 mali na sebe nadpis P\u011btiletka<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prepojenie pr\u00edkladn\u00e9ho komunistu Ferda mravca so \u201ezlou\u201c americkou p\u00e1savkou zemiakovou sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 ako o\u010dividn\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ide\u00e1lne pre detsk\u00e9ho \u010ditate\u013ea. V roku 1950, v \u010dasopise Mate\u0159\u00eddou\u0161ka<\/em>, sa pr\u00e1ve Ferdo mravec vydal na pole aby pomohol s bojom proti p\u00e1savke. Okrem toho bolo vydan\u00fdch aj mnoho detsk\u00fdch kn\u00edh o zlej p\u00e1savke zemiakovej, ktor\u00e1 chce kradn\u00fa\u0165 od dobr\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 5  \u2013 Ferdo mravec a P\u011btiletka<\/em> (https:\/\/www.moderni-dejiny.cz\/clanek\/ferda-mravenec-ve-sluzbach-ideologie\/)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 6\u00a0 \u2013 Kniha pre deti o p\u00e1savke zemiakovej<\/em> (https:\/\/zurnal.pravda.sk\/spolocnost\/clanok\/433800-zakerna-zbran-imperializmu-ako-nas-napadol-americky-chrobak\/)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 7  \u2013 Ferdo mravec bojuje proti p\u00e1savke zemiakovej<\/em> (https:\/\/zurnal.pravda.sk\/spolocnost\/clanok\/433800-zakerna-zbran-imperializmu-ako-nas-napadol-americky-chrobak\/)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] KLUBERT, T.: Prijatie socialistickej \u00fastavy<\/em>. \u00dastav pam\u00e4ti n\u00e1roda [online]. [cit. 9\/5\/2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.upn.gov.sk\/sk\/11-jul-1960—prijatie-socialistickej-ustavy\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] \u017dALOUDEK, K.: Encyklopedie politiky<\/em>. Praha: Libri, 1999. str. 369. ISBN 80-85983-75-3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] KANI\u010c\u00c1ROV\u00c1, K.: Propaganda (DISINFO BASICS). Infosecurity [online]. [cit. 9\/5\/2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/infosecurity.sk\/sukromie-a-bezpecnost\/propaganda-disinfo-basics\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] ARENDTOV\u00c1, H.: P\u016fvod totalitarismu I \u2013 III<\/em>. Praha: Premedia, 2018. str. 473. 978-80-8159-618-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] ARENDTOV\u00c1, H.: P\u016fvod totalitarismu I \u2013 III<\/em>. Praha: Premedia, 2018. str. 473. 978-80-8159-618-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] HALEVY, E.: The Era of Tyrannies. New York: New York University Press, 1966, s. 214-215. ISBN 9780814701775.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] BYSTRICK\u00dd, V., ROGU\u013dOV\u00c1, J.: Storo\u010die propagandy \u2013 Slovensko v os\u00eddlach ideol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/em>. Bratislava: AEPress, 2005, str. 181. ISBN 80-88880-64-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] BYSTRICK\u00dd, V., ROGU\u013dOV\u00c1, J.: Storo\u010die propagandy \u2013 Slovensko v os\u00eddlach ideol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/em>. Bratislava: AEPress, 2005, str. 182-183. ISBN 80-88880-64-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9] BYSTRICK\u00dd, V., ROGU\u013dOV\u00c1, J.: Storo\u010die propagandy \u2013 Slovensko v os\u00eddlach ideol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/em>. Bratislava: AEPress, 2005, str. 183. ISBN 80-88880-64-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10] BYSTRICK\u00dd, V., ROGU\u013dOV\u00c1, J.: Storo\u010die propagandy \u2013 Slovensko v os\u00eddlach ideol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/em>. Bratislava: AEPress, 2005, str. 182. ISBN 80-88880-64-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11] BYSTRICK\u00dd, V., ROGU\u013dOV\u00c1, J.: Storo\u010die propagandy \u2013 Slovensko v os\u00eddlach ideol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/em>. Bratislava: AEPress, 2005, str. 182-183. ISBN 80-88880-64-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12] BYSTRICK\u00dd, V., ROGU\u013dOV\u00c1, J.: Storo\u010die propagandy \u2013 Slovensko v os\u00eddlach ideol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/em>. Bratislava: AEPress, 2005, str. 189. ISBN 80-88880-64-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13] BYSTRICK\u00dd, V., ROGU\u013dOV\u00c1, J.: Storo\u010die propagandy \u2013 Slovensko v os\u00eddlach ideol\u00f3gi\u00ed<\/em>. Bratislava: AEPress, 2005, str. 189-193. ISBN 80-88880-64-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14] RU\u017dI\u010cKA, D.: \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 televize<\/em>. Totalita.cz [online]. [cit. 9\/5\/2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.totalita.cz\/sp\/sp_d_cst_50.php>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15] FORM\u00c1NKOV\u00c1, P.: Kampa\u0148 proti \u201eamerick\u00e9mu brouku\u201c a jej\u00ed politick\u00e9 souvislosti<\/em>. Pam\u011b\u0165 a d\u011bjiny [online]. str. 23-25 [cit. 9\/5\/2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.ustrcr.cz\/data\/pdf\/pamet-dejiny\/0801-22-38.pdf>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16] KR\u010cM\u00c1RIK, R.: Z\u00e1kern\u00e1 zbra\u0148 imperializmu. Ako n\u00e1s napadol \u201eamerick\u00fd chrob\u00e1k\u201c<\/em>. Pravda[online]. [cit. 9\/5\/2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/zurnal.pravda.sk\/spolocnost\/clanok\/433800-zakerna-zbran-imperializmu-ako-nas-napadol-americky-chrobak\/>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po febru\u00e1rovom prevrate 1948, kedy sa k moci v \u010ceskoslovensku dostala Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010ceskoslovenska (KS\u010c) hovor\u00edme a\u017e do Ne\u017enej revol\u00facie v roku 1989 o zaveden\u00ed komunistick\u00e9ho totalitn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu v \u0161t\u00e1te. K zavedeniu \u201ekni\u017en\u00e9ho\u201c komunizmu v\u0161ak v \u010ceskoslovensku nikdy nedo\u0161lo. Syst\u00e9m ktor\u00fd v tomto obdob\u00ed existoval v \u0161t\u00e1te ozna\u010dujeme ako komunistick\u00fd, preto\u017ee moci mala v ruk\u00e1ch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[63,61,19,60,62],"class_list":["post-918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analyzy","tag-ceskoslovenska","tag-komunisticka","tag-politika","tag-propaganda","tag-strana"],"yoast_head":"\nPropaganda a Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010ceskoslovenska - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=918\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Propaganda a Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010ceskoslovenska - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Po febru\u00e1rovom prevrate 1948, kedy sa k moci v \u010ceskoslovensku dostala Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010ceskoslovenska (KS\u010c) hovor\u00edme a\u017e do Ne\u017enej revol\u00facie v roku 1989 o zaveden\u00ed komunistick\u00e9ho totalitn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu v \u0161t\u00e1te. 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