{"id":820,"date":"2024-02-29T18:53:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T17:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820"},"modified":"2024-02-29T17:31:42","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T16:31:42","slug":"vplyv-minuleho-rezimu-na-politicku-kulturu-na-slovensku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820","title":{"rendered":"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pojem \u201cpolitick\u00e1 kult\u00fara\u201d je v na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch pomerne nov\u00fdm v\u00fdrazom, ktor\u00fd je po\u010du\u0165 naozaj ve\u013emi \u010dasto. Veda n\u00e1m samozrejme klasicky pon\u00faka viacero vysvetlen\u00ed tohto pojmu, osobne sa prikl\u00e1\u0148am k ch\u00e1paniu politickej kult\u00fary na z\u00e1klade diela Luciana Pyea ako \u201cs\u00faboru behavior\u00e1lnych znakov, postojov a n\u00e1zorov, ktor\u00e9 popisuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie a konanie \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota vo\u010di sebe navz\u00e1jom\u201d.[1]<\/a> Politick\u00fd \u017eivot u n\u00e1s dnes dospel do podoby, ktor\u00fa tu pred tridsiatimi rokmi istotne neo\u010dak\u00e1val takmer nikto. Obrat o 360 stup\u0148ov v podobe zmeny re\u017eimu a demokratiz\u00e1cie celej \u0161trukt\u00fary dovtedaj\u0161ieho ch\u00e1pania politiky vytvorila m\u00ed\u013enik v podobe rozhodnutia. Nie len individu\u00e1lneho, av\u0161ak kolekt\u00edvneho rozhodnutia spolo\u010dnosti \u010do robi\u0165 \u010falej, spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e1 na dan\u00fa vo\u013ebu nebola v tom \u010dase ur\u010dite pripraven\u00e1. A to poci\u0165ujeme dodnes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Samozrejme politick\u00fa kult\u00faru v\u00fdrazne determinuje intelektu\u00e1lna a mravn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 \u013eudsk\u00e9ho a politick\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania protagonistov politick\u00e9ho diania v z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tnych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1ch – v parlamente, vo vl\u00e1de, na poste prezidenta republiky, na \u00fastavnom s\u00fade v komunik\u00e1cii medzi nimi a vo vz\u00e1jomnej \u00facte a re\u0161pektovan\u00ed sa t\u00fdchto najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch predstavite\u013eov moci v krajine. Model ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania sa st\u00e1va vzorcom politickej kult\u00fary pre v\u0161etky ni\u017e\u0161ie sf\u00e9ry politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota v krajine a pren\u00e1\u0161a sa do vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu medzi ob\u010danom a \u0161t\u00e1tom.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Pr\u00e1ve spolo\u010densk\u00e9 zmeny formuj\u00fa politick\u00fa kult\u00faru. Zmeny po politickej b\u00farke v osemdesiatom deviatom v\u0161ak pri\u0161li ako tsunami, ne\u010dakane a s devasta\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom. Namiesto vyt\u00fa\u017eenej slobody a rovnosti za\u010dali vznika\u0165 v spolo\u010dnosti rozli\u010dn\u00e9 disproporcie. Alebo na druhej strane pri\u0161la vyt\u00fa\u017een\u00e1 sloboda ktor\u00e1 s filtrom ru\u017eov\u00e9ho skla ovl\u00e1dla srdcia mnoh\u00fdch. Tieto dva diametr\u00e1lne odli\u0161n\u00e9 a u n\u00e1s majoritn\u00e9 poh\u013eady dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee rozli\u010dn\u00e9 gener\u00e1cie v\u017edy vn\u00edmali politiku ve\u013emi odli\u0161ne. \u201cGeneration gap\u201d je skuto\u010dne pojmom, ktor\u00fd v ch\u00e1pan\u00ed politick\u00fdch procesov v\u00fdrazne prispieva k nezhod\u00e1m medzi mlad\u0161ou a star\u0161ou gener\u00e1ciou. \u00da\u010das\u0165 na politike mlad\u00fdch nebola ani po vzniku samostatnej Slovenskej republiky \u017eiadnou samozrejmos\u0165ou. Je spr\u00e1vne tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee a\u017e neust\u00e1le zlyh\u00e1vanie politick\u00fdch reforiem odvol\u00e1vaj\u00facich sa na princ\u00edpy demokracie a nevytvorenie s\u013eubovan\u00fdch ist\u00f4t v r\u00e1mci politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu prin\u00fatilo mlad\u00fdch o ak\u00fasi obrodu. Po p\u00e1de diktat\u00fary sa za\u010dali pomaly prejavova\u0165 v\u0161etky soci\u00e1lne a ekonomick\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky, ktor\u00e9 nemali re\u00e1lne obdobu. Samozrejme, \u017ee sa \u010dasom rozmohla nostalgia na \u010dasy, kedy \u201cka\u017ed\u00fd mal istoty a mlieko st\u00e1lo korunu\u201d. Je to ve\u013emi tragikomick\u00fd pr\u00edklad. Mo\u017eno aj pr\u00e1ve teraz, kedy obchody napriek v\u0161etkej demokracii trpia nedostatkom cestov\u00edn alebo toaletn\u00e9ho papiera kv\u00f4li pand\u00e9mii, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1s postihla a niektor\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017eu p\u00fdta\u0165 \u010do sa vlastne zmenilo a \u010di skuto\u010dne nebolo vtedy lep\u0161ie. Aj tieto poh\u013eady ur\u010dite sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa \u017ee namiesto v\u00edtania demokracie nast\u00e1va re\u00e1lny opak. Z historickej praxe sledujeme pr\u00edpady, kde jednotlivci u n\u00e1s za\u017e\u00edvali viacer\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1tne zriadenia ako aj my\u0161lienkov\u00e9 pr\u00fady. Prvotne parlamentn\u00e1 demokracia, nesk\u00f4r totalitn\u00e9 a autorit\u00e1rske zriadenia. Konzervativizmus aj liberalizmus, komunizmus aj fa\u0161izmus, reformovan\u00fd dokonca aj kres\u0165ansk\u00fd socializmus. Tieto n\u00e1siln\u00e9 vp\u00e1dy do celistvosti ch\u00e1pania politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ako garanta jednotnosti v \u0161t\u00e1te samozrejme \u00faplne nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa ak\u00e9ko\u013evek pozit\u00edvne predstavy k akejko\u013evek zmene. Ko\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed aj po zmene re\u017eimu volilo rad\u0161ej star\u00fdch zn\u00e1mych? A prax pokra\u010duje samozrejme \u010falej aj po vzniku samostatnej Slovenskej republiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cNa\u0161i \u013eudia\u201d s\u00fa lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u201cich \u013eudia\u201d. Bohu\u017eia\u013e realita uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee dan\u00ed \u013eudia sa a\u017e tak moc nemenia. \u201cMasky sa menia, herci ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa\u201d nap\u00edsal m\u00f4j ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd autor Brent Weeks na adresu \u0161\u013eachty v jeho zmyslenom fantasy svete. Tento cit\u00e1t dokonale sed\u00ed aj na situ\u00e1ciu na Slovensku po p\u00e1de re\u017eimu, kedy sa subjekty zlietli ako supi nad porazen\u00fa zebru. Nielen politici a novozroden\u00ed businessmani (b\u00fdval\u00ed priekupn\u00edci s bonmi) v \u0161\u00e1likoch, ale viacer\u00e9 subjekty preberaj\u00fa re\u00e1lnu moc v \u0161t\u00e1te. Najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00edm prostriedkom bola istotne privatiz\u00e1cia, av\u0161ak osobne si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee najviac znovu za\u00faradovala \u013eudsk\u00e1 hl\u00fapos\u0165 ako tak\u00e1. Prv\u00fd \u201c\u0161al\u00e1t\u201d ex-komunistov a n\u00e1rodniarov vytvoril vhodn\u00e9 podhubie svojou politikou hrub\u00fdch \u010diar za minulos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 mala od reality na hony \u010faleko a takisto \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed opakovane verili slep\u00fdm s\u013eubom. R\u00f4zne kauzy, VS\u017d a zlat\u00e9 pad\u00e1ky, tunelovanie tunelov, \u00fanos prezidentovho syna – o\u010dak\u00e1vania sa zmenili v bludn\u00fd kruh, ktor\u00fd si ako m\u00fdtick\u00fd Uroboros okus\u00e1va vlastn\u00fd chvost. Problematicky vn\u00edmanou je ur\u010dite skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee kto sa mal dobre za socializmu, m\u00e1 sa prakticky dobre aj dnes. Ko\u0161e\u013ea bli\u017e\u0161ia ne\u017e kab\u00e1t je heslom mnoh\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tnych funkcion\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed pre\u017eili dodnes na (hoci zmenen\u00fdch, av\u0161ak st\u00e1le relevantn\u00fdch) postoch v r\u00e1mci \u0161t\u00e1tnej spr\u00e1vy alebo samospr\u00e1vy. Za\u010dalo to teda tu za Me\u010diara, kedy \u201cvl\u00e1da pr\u00e1va\u201d takmer neexistovala. U\u017e spomenut\u00e1 privatiz\u00e1cia tu za\u017eila vrchol, parlament a vl\u00e1da boli doslova tie\u0148ov\u00fdmi in\u0161trumentmi mocn\u00fdch, spolo\u010dne s SIS. Prij\u00edmanie z\u00e1konov, ako riadny legislat\u00edvny proces, bol fra\u0161kou. Vl\u00e1da jednej strany popieraj\u00faca ak\u00e9ko\u013evek z\u00e1sady demokracie pripom\u00ednala totalitu z \u010dias b\u00fdval\u00e9ho re\u017eimu v mnoh\u00fdch veciach. A dohra? Me\u010diarove amnestie, ktor\u00e9 doslova podupali ak\u00fako\u013evek n\u00e1dej na zmenu. Av\u0161ak Me\u010diar ost\u00e1val st\u00e1le ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm, v\u017edy jeho demagogick\u00e9 s\u013euby dok\u00e1zali zorganizova\u0165 jeho voli\u010dov a priaznivcov nato\u013eko aby mu to pre\u0161lo. Doktor \u010carnogursk\u00fd na adresu t\u00fdchto samo-amnesti\u00ed povedal, \u017ee tieto \u201cnepr\u00e1vosti\u201d je zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrova\u0165 a celkovo by to iba viac po\u0161kodilo na\u0161ej novonadobudnutej \u0161t\u00e1tnosti. Pravdou v\u0161ak je, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve politika t\u00fdchto hrub\u00fdch \u010diar otriasa verejnou mienkou asi najviac. Pachu\u0165 b\u00fdval\u00e9ho re\u017eimu je tu teda zna\u010dne cite\u013en\u00e1 a to pomaly za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa ch\u00e1pa\u0165 aj ob\u010dania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Vl\u00e1da SMERu len dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee \u201cme\u010diarizmus\u201d ako tak\u00fd nevymrel tak ako to predpokladala profesorka Radi\u010dov\u00e1 odchodom HZDS z parlamentu. Nastala ideov\u00e1 transform\u00e1cia a tejto sa voli\u010dsk\u00e1 z\u00e1klad\u0148a prisp\u00f4sobila. Cel\u00fd tento proces popisuje aj film Svi\u0148a, ktor\u00fd ned\u00e1vno be\u017eal v kin\u00e1ch. R\u00f3bert Fico za svojej prvej vl\u00e1dy s\u00edce vymenil p\u00e1r \u010dlenov vl\u00e1dy, ktor\u00fd boli s kauzami ne\u00faprosne spojen\u00ed, av\u0161ak na zmenu syst\u00e9mu alebo jeho ozdravenie re\u00e1lne nespravil ni\u010d. Ale \u010dastokr\u00e1t pr\u00e1ve on hovoril o tom, ako prinesie v oblasti politickej kult\u00fary zmeny a pr\u00e1ve on mal by\u0165 t\u00fdm, kto skuto\u010dne zdemokratizuje ak\u00fasi politick\u00fa trad\u00edciu. Znovu v\u0161ak pokra\u010doval v nastavenom trende, najprv mierne a nesk\u00f4r akt\u00edvnej\u0161ie preber\u00e1 prvky populizmu. A t\u00fdmto tak aj pripravoval podhubie pre \u010fal\u0161ie populistick\u00e9 subjekty. Spr\u00e1vne dok\u00e1zal uchopi\u0165 voli\u010dsk\u00fa z\u00e1klad\u0148u soci\u00e1lnou politikou, s\u013eubmi a akciami ku D\u0148u \u017eien. Kauzy \u0161li, ako aj predt\u00fdm, bokom. A spolo\u010dnos\u0165? St\u00e1le rozdelen\u00e1 na nes\u00farod\u00e9 spektr\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 bu\u010f obhajuj\u00fa alebo zatracuj\u00fa vl\u00e1dnu garnit\u00faru. Skorumpovan\u00e9 s\u00fady? Pohoda. Pochybn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazky? Ale ve\u010f kradne ka\u017ed\u00fd. R\u00f4zne Gorily? \u010co pom\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 protestova\u0165. Vra\u017eda novin\u00e1ra? Re\u00e1lne sa pohlo nie\u010do a\u017e tu. Ja ako z\u00e1stupca svojej gener\u00e1cie politiku sledujem dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das, ale po vra\u017ede vo Ve\u013ekej Ma\u010di je cite\u013en\u00e1 skuto\u010dn\u00e1 mobiliz\u00e1cia spolo\u010dnosti. Je teraz druhorad\u00e9, \u010di ide o prirodzen\u00fa alebo umel\u00fa reakciu, n\u00e1zor na to si ka\u017ed\u00fd racion\u00e1lne uva\u017euj\u00faci jedinec sprav\u00ed s\u00e1m. Toto bol v\u0161ak obrovsk\u00fd medzn\u00edk pre politick\u00fa kult\u00faru, ktor\u00e1 sa zmenila. V\u0161etko toto sa odzrkad\u013euje aj na v\u00fdsledku posledn\u00fdch parlamentn\u00fdch volieb. Tak ako v roku 2016 nastalo (pre niektor\u00fdch) obrovsk\u00e9 prekvapenie a cel\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 prech\u00e1dza zmenou. To, \u010di pozit\u00edvnou, m\u00f4\u017eeme pomaly sledova\u0165 teraz v obdob\u00ed kr\u00edzy, ktor\u00e1 u n\u00e1s (ako aj vo svete) nem\u00e1 obdobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Je skuto\u010dne pravdou, \u017ee ani po viac ne\u017e tridsiatich rokoch od revol\u00facie nie je politick\u00fd \u017eivot na Slovensku tak\u00fd, ak\u00fd sme ho chceli ma\u0165. Je naozaj jedno kto – pek\u00e1r, vojak, spisovate\u013e alebo politik, die\u0165a alebo dospel\u00fd. Skuto\u010dne do\u0161lo k transform\u00e1cii, pre\u0161li sme od vn\u00edmania potrieb jednotn\u00fdch a  \u0161t\u00e1tnych k mo\u017enosti na \u0161t\u00fdl bonboni\u00e9ry a teda viacer\u00fdm mo\u017enostiam nap\u013a\u0148a\u0165 svoje potreby pod\u013ea vlastnej chuti. Napriek v\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 demokracia priniesla, resp. prinies\u0165 mala, n\u00e1m st\u00e1le v\u0161ak ch\u00fdba ak\u00fdsi pocit zodpovednosti na politickom dian\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed sa n\u00e1m pozrie\u0165 na percentu\u00e1lne \u0161tatistiky \u00fa\u010dasti na vo\u013eb\u00e1ch a referend\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa od vzniku samostatnej SR uskuto\u010dnili. A presne tak\u00e9to ve\u013emi zn\u00e1me vyjadrenia typu \u201cm\u0148a sa to net\u00fdka\u201d a \u201cm\u00f4j hlas nezav\u00e1\u017ei\u201d s\u00fa d\u00f4vodom pre\u010do Slovensko opakovane dopl\u00e1ca na chyby minulosti. Takisto je dobre si zodpoveda\u0165 ot\u00e1zku, \u010di skuto\u010dne je minul\u00fd re\u017eim aj minul\u00fdm. Prvky socializmu pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa dodnes, \u010di v podobe z\u00e1konov, ktor\u00e9 ,hoc novelizovan\u00e9, st\u00e1le nes\u00fa odkaz doby minulej alebo predstavite\u013eov politiky, ktor\u00ed pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vl\u00e1dne garnit\u00fary a dar\u00ed sa im v\u00fd-bor-ne. Po naozaj dlhom obdob\u00ed totalitn\u00e9ho zriadenia je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zmeni\u0165 celkov\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie a nau\u010di\u0165 sa nie\u010domu nov\u00e9mu. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm faktorom je aj skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee Slovensko za\u017e\u00edva svojbytnos\u0165 v demokratickej podobe prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t. Historick\u00e9 faktory dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee slobodu za ktor\u00fa sa bojovalo dlho a tvrdo, sme v d\u00f4sledku naozaj nepremenili. \u0160t\u00e1tne \u00fatvary sa striedali tak r\u00fdchlo, \u017ee pr\u00e1zdne s\u013euby sp\u00f4sobili apatiu a pasivitu na akomko\u013evek politickom \u017eivote, ktor\u00fd je premietnut\u00fd aj v akomsi stereotypnom pon\u00edman\u00ed tis\u00edcro\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fatlaku. Toto je aj ve\u013emi pekne odsledovate\u013en\u00e9 v skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee aj po absol\u00fatnom odmietnut\u00ed ideol\u00f3gie nacizmu sa u n\u00e1s n\u00e1jdu pr\u00edvr\u017eenci n\u00e1rodno-soci\u00e1lnych my\u0161lienok radik\u00e1lneho r\u00e1zu, ktor\u00e9 velebia \u201cn\u00e1\u0161ho far\u00e1ra Tisa\u201d. A to mo\u017eno najm\u00e4 pre \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00e1zdne s\u013euby r\u00fdchleho rie\u0161enia politick\u00fdch, soci\u00e1lnych a hospod\u00e1rskych probl\u00e9mov skrze demag\u00f3giu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Samuel Huntington za jadro problematiky demokratickej politickej kult\u00fary pova\u017euje prepojenie a vz\u0165ahov\u00e9 v\u00e4zby efektivity nov\u00e9ho demokratick\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dneho zoskupenia a jej legitimitou, teda determinantom, ktor\u00fd ur\u010duje nako\u013eko dan\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m demokracie ver\u00ed spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a politick\u00e9 elity. Stabiln\u00e1 z\u00e1klad\u0148a demokratick\u00fdch re\u017eimov z\u00e1vis\u00ed najm\u00e4 od schopnost\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch akt\u00e9rov a to stran\u00edckych predstavite\u013eov n\u00e1js\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fa re\u010d pri rie\u0161en\u00ed hlavn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00fdm dan\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 \u010del\u00ed. O stabilite demokracie taktie\u017e rozhoduje, \u010di verejnos\u0165 dok\u00e1\u017ee rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi re\u017eimom a vl\u00e1dou, nako\u013eko Huntington zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, rozdiel medzi podporou demokracie a podporou vl\u00e1d. Elity a verejnos\u0165 preto musia ch\u00e1pa\u0165, \u017ee demokracia spo\u010d\u00edva na predpoklade, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho v\u0161etky vl\u00e1dy zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00fa, a preto mus\u00ed by\u0165 garantovan\u00e1 in\u0161titucionalizovan\u00e1 met\u00f3da ich v\u00fdmeny. Demokracia v\u0161ak sama o sebe nerie\u0161i ani nevyrie\u0161i probl\u00e9my, av\u0161ak znamen\u00e1 skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee vl\u00e1du je mo\u017en\u00e9 odstr\u00e1ni\u0165. Roz\u010darovanie a s n\u00edm s\u00favisiaci pokles o\u010dak\u00e1vania s\u00fa v re\u00e1lnom \u017eivote z\u00e1kladom demokratickej stability, ktor\u00e1 sa skonsoliduje, ke\u010f si spolo\u010dnos\u0165 uvedom\u00ed, \u017ee demokracia je rie\u0161en\u00edm tyranie a ni\u010d \u010fal\u0161ieho nerie\u0161i.[3]<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Nie\u010do tak\u00e9to n\u00e1m zjavne st\u00e1le ch\u00fdba. St\u00e1le nie sme v bode, kedy vieme rozozn\u00e1va\u0165 medzi podstatou pojmov, ktor\u00e9 tvoria mechanizmus politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota a sme schopn\u00ed pod\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165 medov\u00fdm re\u010diam schopnej\u0161\u00edch r\u00e9torov. Hoci pr\u00e1ve na tak\u00e9to typy Slovensko doplatilo a st\u00e1le aj dopl\u00e1ca ve\u013emi trpko, st\u00e1le sa n\u00e1jdu jedinci, ktor\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eu pod\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165. Na z\u00e1ver pripomeniem cit\u00e1t americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Abrahama Lincolna, ktor\u00fd sl\u00fa\u017ei ako aktu\u00e1lna pripomienkou: \u201cSila v\u00ed\u0165az\u00ed v\u0161ade, ale jej v\u00ed\u0165azstv\u00e1 \u017eij\u00fa len kr\u00e1tko. Takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee \u010deli\u0165 nepriazni – ak chce\u0161 spozna\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00fd charakter \u010dloveka, daj mu moc.\u201d Pr\u00e1ve my sme t\u00ed, kto v demokraci\u00ed moc odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa a presne na to ve\u013emi nespr\u00e1vne \u010dastokr\u00e1t zab\u00fadame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Morlino, Leonardo (2017). Political science : a global perspective<\/em>. Berg-Schlosser, Dirk., Badie, Bertrand. London, England. str. 64\u201374.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] KUS\u00dd, M.: Stav \u013eudsk\u00fdch a men\u0161inov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. In: SLOVENSKO: PROBL\u00c9MY KONSOLID\u00c1CIE DEMOKRACIE. SPOR O \u201ePRAVIDL\u00c1 HRY\u201c POKRA\u010cUJE<\/em> (ed.Szomol\u00e1nyi, S.). Bratislava, Slovensk\u00e9 zdru\u017eenie pre politick\u00e9 vedy, Nad\u00e1cia Friedricha Eberta, 1997 a, s. 207.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] HUNTINGTON, S.: T\u0158ET\u00cd VLNA. DEMOKRATIZACE NA SKLONKU DVAC\u00c1T\u00c9HO STOLET\u00cd<\/em>. Brno, Centrum pro v\u00fdskum demokracie a kultury, 2008, s. 343.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pojem \u201cpolitick\u00e1 kult\u00fara\u201d je v na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch pomerne nov\u00fdm v\u00fdrazom, ktor\u00fd je po\u010du\u0165 naozaj ve\u013emi \u010dasto. Veda n\u00e1m samozrejme klasicky pon\u00faka viacero vysvetlen\u00ed tohto pojmu, osobne sa prikl\u00e1\u0148am k ch\u00e1paniu politickej kult\u00fary na z\u00e1klade diela Luciana Pyea ako \u201cs\u00faboru behavior\u00e1lnych znakov, postojov a n\u00e1zorov, ktor\u00e9 popisuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie a konanie \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota vo\u010di sebe navz\u00e1jom\u201d.[1] […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eseje"],"yoast_head":"\nVplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pojem \u201cpolitick\u00e1 kult\u00fara\u201d je v na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch pomerne nov\u00fdm v\u00fdrazom, ktor\u00fd je po\u010du\u0165 naozaj ve\u013emi \u010dasto. Veda n\u00e1m samozrejme klasicky pon\u00faka viacero vysvetlen\u00ed tohto pojmu, osobne sa prikl\u00e1\u0148am k ch\u00e1paniu politickej kult\u00fary na z\u00e1klade diela Luciana Pyea ako \u201cs\u00faboru behavior\u00e1lnych znakov, postojov a n\u00e1zorov, ktor\u00e9 popisuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie a konanie \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota vo\u010di sebe navz\u00e1jom\u201d.[1] […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-02-29T17:53:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Daniel Bellu\u0161\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daniel Bellu\u0161\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Daniel Bellu\u0161\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/4ecb34a3dfc6726f39787b59659392d2\"},\"headline\":\"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-29T17:53:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820\"},\"wordCount\":2319,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"ESEJE\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820\",\"name\":\"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku - RE:PUB\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-29T17:53:00+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/\",\"name\":\"RE:PUB\",\"description\":\"\u0161tudentsk\u00fd \u010dasopis\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#organization\",\"name\":\"RE:PUB\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/repub-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/repub-logo.png\",\"width\":427,\"height\":426,\"caption\":\"RE:PUB\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/4ecb34a3dfc6726f39787b59659392d2\",\"name\":\"Daniel Bellu\u0161\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/918a5bcc8c0d6ae1fe63ab47079e8ff8225068ec0c218ba12bee55bb4023d72e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/918a5bcc8c0d6ae1fe63ab47079e8ff8225068ec0c218ba12bee55bb4023d72e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Daniel Bellu\u0161\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?author=31\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku - RE:PUB","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku - RE:PUB","og_description":"Pojem \u201cpolitick\u00e1 kult\u00fara\u201d je v na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch pomerne nov\u00fdm v\u00fdrazom, ktor\u00fd je po\u010du\u0165 naozaj ve\u013emi \u010dasto. Veda n\u00e1m samozrejme klasicky pon\u00faka viacero vysvetlen\u00ed tohto pojmu, osobne sa prikl\u00e1\u0148am k ch\u00e1paniu politickej kult\u00fary na z\u00e1klade diela Luciana Pyea ako \u201cs\u00faboru behavior\u00e1lnych znakov, postojov a n\u00e1zorov, ktor\u00e9 popisuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie a konanie \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota vo\u010di sebe navz\u00e1jom\u201d.[1] […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820","og_site_name":"RE:PUB","article_published_time":"2024-02-29T17:53:00+00:00","author":"Daniel Bellu\u0161","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Autor":"Daniel Bellu\u0161","Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"10 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820"},"author":{"name":"Daniel Bellu\u0161","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/4ecb34a3dfc6726f39787b59659392d2"},"headline":"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku","datePublished":"2024-02-29T17:53:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820"},"wordCount":2319,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#organization"},"articleSection":["ESEJE"],"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820","url":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820","name":"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku - RE:PUB","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-02-29T17:53:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=820#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Vplyv minule\u0301ho rez\u030cimu na politicku\u0301 kultu\u0301ru na Slovensku"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/","name":"RE:PUB","description":"\u0161tudentsk\u00fd \u010dasopis","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#organization","name":"RE:PUB","url":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/repub-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/repub-logo.png","width":427,"height":426,"caption":"RE:PUB"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/4ecb34a3dfc6726f39787b59659392d2","name":"Daniel Bellu\u0161","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/918a5bcc8c0d6ae1fe63ab47079e8ff8225068ec0c218ba12bee55bb4023d72e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/918a5bcc8c0d6ae1fe63ab47079e8ff8225068ec0c218ba12bee55bb4023d72e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Daniel Bellu\u0161"},"url":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?author=31"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=820"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":824,"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions\/824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}