{"id":764,"date":"2024-01-31T18:40:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T17:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=764"},"modified":"2024-08-25T14:27:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-25T12:27:05","slug":"na-trhu-demokracie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=764","title":{"rendered":"Na trhu demokracie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V dne\u0161nej spolo\u010dnosti sme svedkami bezprecedentn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania a \u0161\u00edrenia sofistikovan\u00fdch politick\u00fdch, medi\u00e1lnych, marketingov\u00fdch a reklamn\u00fdch manipul\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 na politicky a mor\u00e1lne neprofilovan\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Tento trend je \u010doraz viac roz\u0161irovan\u00fd v digit\u00e1lnej dobe, ke\u010f\u017ee najm\u00e4 mlad\u00ed \u013eudia s\u00fa na dennom poriadku vystaven\u00ed z\u00e1plave inform\u00e1cii a spr\u00e1v cez r\u00f4zne platformy, soci\u00e1lne m\u00e9dia a reklamn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly. Prep\u00e1janie jednotliv\u00fdch digit\u00e1lnych priestorov spolo\u010dne so svetom m\u00e9di\u00ed a politiky vytvorili zlo\u017eit\u00fd priestor, kde hranice medzi inform\u00e1ciami, z\u00e1bavou a presved\u010den\u00edm s\u00fa \u010doraz \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie definovate\u013en\u00e9. Pre lep\u0161ie pochopenie vplyvu t\u00fdchto manipul\u00e1cii je potrebn\u00e9 presk\u00fama\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 dimenzie, vr\u00e1tane strat\u00e9gi\u00ed a takt\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa jednotliv\u00ed politick\u00fd akt\u00e9ri a medi\u00e1lne a reklamn\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie. S\u00fa v tom zahrnut\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 psychologick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1lne faktory, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 mlad\u00fdch (a nielen ich) na manipul\u00e1ciu, \u010do predstavuje potencion\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky pre demokraciu, slobodn\u00fa ob\u010diansku spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a mravn\u00e9, etick\u00e9 rozhodovanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prieniky medzi svetom politiky, m\u00e9di\u00ed a marketingu viedli k novej \u00e9re manipul\u00e1cie a vytvorili sofistikovan\u00e9 techniky na ovplyv\u0148ovanie postojov, presved\u010den\u00ed a spr\u00e1vania mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Politick\u00ed kandid\u00e1ti, ako aj politick\u00e9 strany a z\u00e1ujmov\u00e9 skupiny cielene targetuj\u00fa na z\u00e1klade \u00fadajov, personalyzovan\u00fdch d\u00e1t oslovuj\u00fa mlad\u00fdch voli\u010dov a formuj\u00fa ich politick\u00e9 preferencie svojim z\u00e1ujmom. Pou\u017eit\u00edm anal\u00fdzy ve\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00e1t, algoritmov soci\u00e1lnych m\u00e9di\u00ed a online sledovanie digit\u00e1lnej stopy u\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea, teda jeho spr\u00e1vanie sa v tomto priestore, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa tvorcom politick\u00fdch kampan\u00ed prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ich spr\u00e1vy a odkaz konkr\u00e9tnym demografick\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m a cielen\u00fdm jednotlivcom. Tento sp\u00f4sob vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj medi\u00e1lne a reklamn\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie. V dobe vzostupu nat\u00edvnej reklamy[1]<\/a>, marketingu a sponzorovan\u00e9ho obsahu je n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi redak\u010dn\u00fdm obsahom a platen\u00fdmi propag\u00e1ciami, \u010d\u00edm sa r\u00facaj\u00fa hranice medzi informovan\u00edm a presvied\u010dan\u00edm. Prihliadaj\u00fac na falo\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, dezinform\u00e1cie a deep-fake sa vytvorila atmosf\u00e9ra ned\u00f4very a zm\u00e4tok v orient\u00e1cii v internetovom priestore. T\u00fdm ni\u010d\u00ed schopnos\u0165 sa rozhodova\u0165 na z\u00e1klade pravdiv\u00fdch a podlo\u017een\u00fdch inform\u00e1cii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spom\u00ednan\u00e9 faktory v kombin\u00e1cii s psychologick\u00fdmi a soci\u00e1lnymi predstavuj\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010die pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Dospievanie je obdob\u00edm formovania identity, zv\u00fd\u0161eniu soci\u00e1lnych interakcii a vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9mu vplyvu. Mlad\u00ed h\u013eadaj\u00fa skupinov\u00fa identitu, utvrdenie sa vo zvy\u0161ku spolo\u010dnosti a prijatie, \u010do ich rob\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u00fdch na soci\u00e1lne tlaky a extern\u00e9 vplyvy. Ponorenie sa s\u00fa\u010dasnej gener\u00e1cie mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v digit\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed vytvorilo nov\u00fd rozmer v kognit\u00edvnom a emocion\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed. T\u00e1to zranite\u013enos\u0165 ni\u010d\u00ed filtra\u010dn\u00e9 bubliny, \u010do len posil\u0148uje ich silu presved\u010denia v ich vn\u00edmanie reality a obmedzuje vystaveniu r\u00f4znym perspekt\u00edvam \u017eivota. Skres\u013eovanie potvrdenia heuristika dostupnosti ved\u00fa mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed k nekritick\u00e9mu prij\u00edmaniu interpret\u00e1cii manipulat\u00edvnych spr\u00e1v.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V demokratickej spolo\u010dnosti je pre fungovanie politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nevyhnutn\u00e1 informovan\u00e1 a anga\u017eovan\u00e1 ob\u010dianska spolo\u010dnos\u0165. Z\u00e1mern\u00e9 \u0161\u00edrenie zav\u00e1dzaj\u00facich inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, rozporupln\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov a emocion\u00e1lne nabit\u00e9ho obsahu v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee naru\u0161i\u0165 schopnos\u0165 verejnosti prij\u00edma\u0165 informovan\u00e9 rozhodnutia a zmysluplne sa z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 na demokratickom procese. Cielenie manipulat\u00edvnych spr\u00e1v na mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 dlhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky na ob\u010dianske postoje a ich spr\u00e1vanie. Vystavenie sa politickej propagande a emocion\u00e1lne manipulat\u00edvnemu obsahu m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k cynizmu, apatii a odpojeniu sa od politick\u00e9ho a ob\u010dianskeho \u017eivota. Naru\u0161enie d\u00f4very v in\u0161tit\u00facie a odp\u00fatanie sa od verejn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 dopad na zdravie demokracie a fungovanie ob\u010dianskej spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e1 povaha politick\u00fdch, medi\u00e1lnych, marketingov\u00fdch a reklamn\u00fdch manipul\u00e1cii m\u00e1 hlbok\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky pre demokratick\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a ob\u010diansku anga\u017eovanos\u0165. V demokracii je pre fungovanie politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nevyhnutn\u00e1 informatiz\u00e1cia, transparentnos\u0165 a dobrovo\u013en\u00e1 anga\u017eovanos\u0165 ob\u010dana. Z\u00e1mern\u00e9 a cielen\u00e9 \u0161\u00edrenie zav\u00e1dzaj\u00facich inform\u00e1cii a emocion\u00e1lne nabit\u00e9ho obsahu m\u00f4\u017ee naru\u0161i\u0165 schopnos\u0165 verejnosti uskuto\u010d\u0148ova\u0165 rozhodnutia na b\u00e1ze pravdiv\u00fdch inform\u00e1cii a t\u00fdm sa zmysluplne z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 na demokratickom procese. Aj z etick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska z\u00e1mern\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie manipulat\u00edvnych takt\u00edk na ovplyv\u0148ovanie verejnej mienky vyvol\u00e1va v\u00e1\u017ene obavy z mor\u00e1lnej zodpovednosti politick\u00fdch akt\u00e9rov a medi\u00e1lnych organiz\u00e1cii. Nem\u00f4\u017eeme prehliada\u0165 etick\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky plyn\u00face zo zamerania sa na zranite\u013en\u00e9 skupiny obyvate\u013estva a vyu\u017e\u00edvania t\u00fdchto psychick\u00fdch zranite\u013enost\u00ed, \u010di u\u017e \u0161\u00edren\u00edm zav\u00e1dzaj\u00facich a klamliv\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Zainteresovan\u00e9 strany by mali dodr\u017eiava\u0165 etick\u00e9 normy, transparentnos\u0165 a zodpovednos\u0165 vo svojich komunika\u010dn\u00fdch postupoch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V zmysle posilnenia odolnosti vo\u010di manipul\u00e1ci\u00e1m je podstatn\u00e1 podpora vzdel\u00e1vania mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed a ich kritick\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed, najm\u00e4 v oblasti medi\u00e1lnej gramotnosti so zmyslom orient\u00e1cie na s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00fd priestor. Programy medi\u00e1lnej gramotnosti m\u00f4\u017eu umo\u017eni\u0165 mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom kriticky hodnoti\u0165 a analyzova\u0165 medi\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vy, identifikova\u0165 propagandu a dezinform\u00e1cie a sta\u0165 sa akt\u00edvnymi a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi spotrebite\u013emi (konzumentmi) inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozv\u00edjanie povedomia mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed o digit\u00e1lnej gramotnosti by zv\u00fd\u0161ilo mieru odolnosti vo\u010di manipulat\u00edvnym taktik\u00e1m. Podporou etickej komunik\u00e1cie, zodpovedn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k m\u00e9di\u00e1m a ob\u010dianskej particip\u00e1cii by sa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vedela zmysluplnej\u0161ie zapoji\u0165 do verejn\u00e9ho diskurzu. Regula\u010dn\u00e9 a priemyseln\u00e9 opatrenia zameran\u00e9 na podporu transparentnosti, zodpovednosti a zodpovedn\u00fdch reklamn\u00fdch prakt\u00edk m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 zmierni\u0165 negat\u00edvny vplyv manipulat\u00edvnych spr\u00e1v na mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na transparentnos\u0165 politickej reklamy, pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie presadzovanie pr\u00e1vnych predpisov na ochranu spotrebite\u013ea a podpora etick\u00fdch reklamn\u00fdch noriem m\u00f4\u017eu prispie\u0165 k zdrav\u0161iemu medi\u00e1lnemu prostrediu, ktor\u00e9 re\u0161pektuje pr\u00e1va a blaho mlad\u00fdch spotrebite\u013eov. V\u00fdvojom technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, m\u00e9di\u00ed a politiky vznik\u00e1 zlo\u017eit\u00fd bezhrani\u010dn\u00fd priestor. Z\u00e1plava manipulat\u00edvnych spr\u00e1v, dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed a presved\u010div\u00fdch takt\u00edk upravuje verejn\u00fa mienku a hlavne neprofilovan\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. V zmysle ochrany demokracie a ob\u010dianskej spolo\u010dnosti je nevyhnutn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie tejto naliehavej spolo\u010denskej ot\u00e1zky. Podporou etick\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch postupov m\u00f4\u017eeme pracova\u0165 na vytvoren\u00ed medi\u00e1lneho a politick\u00e9ho prostredia, ktor\u00e9 re\u0161pektuje pr\u00e1va a blaho mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed a podporuje kult\u00faru informovan\u00e9ho, kritick\u00e9ho a etick\u00e9ho zapojenia sa do politick\u00e9ho, medi\u00e1lneho, marketingov\u00e9ho a reklamn\u00e9ho obsahu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masov\u00e1 komunikace a propaganda: [sborn\u00edk. Praha: Svoboda, 1975. Sociologick\u00e1 kni\u017enice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (2002). Manufacturing consent: the political economy of the mass media. New York, Pantheon Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Press, P. (2023). Ako si zjednodu\u0161ujeme svet – Heuristika dostupnosti – Slovak Behavioral Economics Network – (blog.sme.sk). [online] blog.sme.sk. Dostupn\u00e9 na: https:\/\/blog.sme.sk\/sben\/ekonomika\/ako-si-zjednodusujeme-svet-heuristika-dostupnosti [Otvoren\u00e9 11 Dec. 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasdaq.com. (2018). 5 Market Manipulation Tactics And How To Avoid Them. [online] Dostupn\u00e9 na: https:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/articles\/5-market-manipulation-tactics-and-how-avoid-them-2018-04-11 [Otvoren\u00e9 12 Nov. 2023].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V dne\u0161nej spolo\u010dnosti sme svedkami bezprecedentn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania a \u0161\u00edrenia sofistikovan\u00fdch politick\u00fdch, medi\u00e1lnych, marketingov\u00fdch a reklamn\u00fdch manipul\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 na politicky a mor\u00e1lne neprofilovan\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Tento trend je \u010doraz viac roz\u0161irovan\u00fd v digit\u00e1lnej dobe, ke\u010f\u017ee najm\u00e4 mlad\u00ed \u013eudia s\u00fa na dennom poriadku vystaven\u00ed z\u00e1plave inform\u00e1cii a spr\u00e1v cez r\u00f4zne platformy, soci\u00e1lne m\u00e9dia a reklamn\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analyzy"],"yoast_head":"\nNa trhu demokracie - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=764\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Na trhu demokracie - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V dne\u0161nej spolo\u010dnosti sme svedkami bezprecedentn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania a \u0161\u00edrenia sofistikovan\u00fdch politick\u00fdch, medi\u00e1lnych, marketingov\u00fdch a reklamn\u00fdch manipul\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 na politicky a mor\u00e1lne neprofilovan\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Tento trend je \u010doraz viac roz\u0161irovan\u00fd v digit\u00e1lnej dobe, ke\u010f\u017ee najm\u00e4 mlad\u00ed \u013eudia s\u00fa na dennom poriadku vystaven\u00ed z\u00e1plave inform\u00e1cii a spr\u00e1v cez r\u00f4zne platformy, soci\u00e1lne m\u00e9dia a reklamn\u00e9 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=764\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-31T17:40:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-25T12:27:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bc. Cyntia Vargov\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bc. 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