(Dami\u00e1n \u010carn\u00fd & Anhelina Patskan & S\u00e1ra Maleck\u00e1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Charakteristika volebn\u00e9ho a stranick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dnes si v zastupite\u013esk\u00fdch demokraci\u00e1ch, akou je aj Hel\u00e9nska republika, svojich z\u00e1stupcov vol\u00ed \u013eud. T\u00edto z\u00e1stupcovia po\u010das svojho mand\u00e1tu plnia konkr\u00e9tne povinnosti a preberaj\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 pod\u013ea pravidiel parlamentu a \u010dl\u00e1nkov \u00fastavy.[1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dastava Hel\u00e9nskej republiky upravuje vo\u013eby, ich konanie \u010di particip\u00e1ciu v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkoch \u00fastavy. Konkr\u00e9tne \u010dl\u00e1nok 38 gr\u00e9ckej \u00fastavy stanovuje z\u00e1sady pr\u00e1va voli\u0165 a pr\u00e1va kandidova\u0165. \u010cl\u00e1nky 56 a 67 gr\u00e9ckej \u00fastavy sa venuj\u00fa zlo\u017eeniu, pr\u00e1vomociam gr\u00e9ckeho parlamentu a samotn\u00fdm vo\u013eb\u00e1m do tohto legislat\u00edvneho org\u00e1nu.[2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010cl\u00e1nky 32 a 34 gr\u00e9ckej \u00fastavy upravuj\u00fa pr\u00e1vomoci a vo\u013eby prezidenta Hel\u00e9nskej republiky. Gr\u00e9cka \u00fastava taktie\u017e obsahuje ustanovenia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa volieb do miestnych samospr\u00e1v.[3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Elektor\u00e1t parlamentn\u00fdch volieb tvoria v\u0161etci ob\u010dania Gr\u00e9cka, ktor\u00ed disponuj\u00fa pr\u00e1vom voli\u0165. Toto pr\u00e1vo je udelen\u00e9 osob\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 v najnesk\u00f4r v de\u0148 konania volieb dov\u0155\u0161ili vek 18 rokov, maj\u00fa pr\u00e1vnu sp\u00f4sobilos\u0165 a nie s\u00fa predmetom neodvolate\u013en\u00e9ho trestn\u00e9ho ods\u00fadenia za z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny uveden\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku 51 odseku 3 \u00fastavy.[4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pre uplatnenie hlasovacieho pr\u00e1va musia by\u0165 opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed voli\u010di zap\u00edsan\u00ed do volebn\u00fdch zoznamov. Pas\u00edvne volebn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo vo vo\u013eb\u00e1ch do gr\u00e9ckeho parlamentu je minim\u00e1lne 25 rokov v de\u0148 konania volieb. Vo vo\u013eb\u00e1ch do miestnych, region\u00e1lnych zastupite\u013estiev je to 18 rokov.[5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gr\u00e9cko je vo vo\u013eb\u00e1ch do parlamentu rozdelen\u00e9 na 59 volebn\u00fdch obvodov, v ktor\u00fdch sa voli\u010di riadia z\u00e1sadami volebn\u00e9ho procesu. Patria sem z\u00e1sady ako: univerz\u00e1lna vo\u013eba, rovn\u00e1 vo\u013eba, priama vo\u013eba \u010di tajn\u00e1 vo\u013eba. [6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n V kontexte Gr\u00e9cka mo\u017eno spomen\u00fa\u0165 i povinn\u00fa vo\u013ebu, ke\u010f\u017ee pod\u013ea tejto z\u00e1sady je v\u00fdkon pr\u00e1va voli\u0165 povinn\u00fd. Po rev\u00edzi\u00ed \u00fastavy v roku 2001 v\u0161ak bolo odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 ustanovenie, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho by mohli by\u0165 z\u00e1konmi ulo\u017een\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 sankcie za nepodie\u013eanie sa na volebnom procese. [7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n V Gr\u00e9cku existuj\u00fa v podstate dva volebn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my: v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inov\u00fd volebn\u00fd syst\u00e9m (ten ur\u010duje kandid\u00e1ta\/politick\u00fa stranu, ktor\u00e1 z\u00edskala v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu odovzdan\u00fdch hlasov v jednom volebnom obvode) a syst\u00e9m proporcion\u00e1lnej reprezent\u00e1cie (ten pride\u013euje kresl\u00e1 volebn\u00e9ho obvodu proporcion\u00e1lne k po\u010dtu hlasov, ktor\u00e9 kandid\u00e1t\/strana obdr\u017eala). [8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Medzi rokmi 1844-1923 sa v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 vo\u013eby konali na z\u00e1klade v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inov\u00e9ho volebn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V tomto obdob\u00ed e\u0161te nehovor\u00edme o hlasovac\u00edch l\u00edstkoch ani zoznamoch, hlasovacie schr\u00e1nky boli v Gr\u00e9cku rozdelen\u00e9 na \u010diernu pre \u201cnie\u201c a bielu pre \u201c\u00e1no\u201c. Voli\u010di svoje preferencie vyjadrovali pomocou mal\u00fdch \u017eelezn\u00fdch gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dok. [9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tieto dva syst\u00e9my sa striedali od roku 1926 a\u017e po rok 1956, ke\u010f bol definit\u00edvne zvolen\u00fd syst\u00e9m proporcion\u00e1lnej reprezent\u00e1cie.[10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dnes m\u00e1 gr\u00e9cky parlament 300 \u010dlenov, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa volen\u00ed na 4 roky syst\u00e9mom \u201eposilnen\u00e9ho\u201c pomern\u00e9ho zast\u00fapenia. Z t\u00fdchto 300 mand\u00e1tov je 285 pridelen\u00fdch 59 volebn\u00fdm obvodom. 50 z t\u00fdchto obvodov je viacmand\u00e1tov\u00fdch a 9 je jednomand\u00e1tov\u00fdch. [11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 15 poslancov je volen\u00fdch z celo\u0161t\u00e1tnych stran\u00edckych zoznamov a traja z nich musia zastupova\u0165 gr\u00e9cku diasp\u00f3ru. [12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mand\u00e1ty sa stran\u00e1m pride\u013euj\u00fa na z\u00e1klade ich celo\u0161t\u00e1tneho podielu hlasov, za predpokladu, \u017ee sa im podarilo dosiahnu\u0165 volebn\u00fa hranicu 3%. [13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n V roku 2016 bol zru\u0161en\u00fd syst\u00e9m posilnenej proporcionality, ktor\u00fd fungoval od roku 2004. Tento syst\u00e9m zvy\u0161oval po\u010det mand\u00e1tov v\u00ed\u0165aznej strany volieb o 50 kresiel s cie\u013eom u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 tak dosahovanie absol\u00fatnej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny jednej strany v parlamente.[14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tento syst\u00e9m bol nahraden\u00fd syst\u00e9mom pomern\u00e9ho zast\u00fapenia so zoznamom str\u00e1n, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho je mo\u017en\u00e9 parlamentn\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu jednej strany dosiahnu\u0165 len s podielom hlasov najmenej 45%, \u010do v skuto\u010dnosti predstavuje norm\u00e1lnu koali\u010dn\u00fa vl\u00e1du. [15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z t\u00fdchto d\u00f4vodov, ako i z d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee pomern\u00e9 zast\u00fapenie by sp\u00f4sobilo politick\u00fa nestabilitu bol nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon spochybnen\u00fd a nepodarilo sa mu z\u00edska\u0165 dvojtretinov\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu, ktor\u00fa vy\u017eaduje \u00fastava na to, aby bol nov\u00fd volebn\u00fd syst\u00e9m uplatnen\u00fd v nasleduj\u00facich vo\u013eb\u00e1ch. [16] Do roku 2012 bol pre Gr\u00e9cko charakteristick\u00fd syst\u00e9m dvoch politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n. Dominantn\u00fdmi stranami boli Nov\u00e1 demokracia (ND) a Panhel\u00e9nske socialistick\u00e9 hnutie (PASOK). [17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z historick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska po\u010das tzv. Tretej Gr\u00e9ckej republiky, ktor\u00e1 pri\u0161la s demokratiz\u00e1ciou v roku 1974, malo Gr\u00e9cko jeden z m\u00e1la dvojstranov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov v Eur\u00f3pe. Podobne na tom bola i Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia \u010di Malta. [18]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dlh\u00e1 trad\u00edcia majorit\u00e1rstva sa v Gr\u00e9cku pretavila do vzniku jednofarebn\u00fdch vl\u00e1d a striedania vl\u00e1dy medzi socialistickou stranou PASOK (Panhel\u00e9nske socialistick\u00e9 hnutie) a konzervat\u00edvnou politickou stranou Nov\u00e1 Demokracia. [19]<\/p>\n\n\n\n R\u00f4zne \u0161t\u00fadie zaoberaj\u00face sa problematikou gr\u00e9ckeho stran\u00edckeho syst\u00e9mu v post-autorit\u00e1rskom obdob\u00ed dospeli k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee charakteristickou \u010drtou tohto obdobia je jednorozmern\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara ideologickej oblasti okolo osi pravica-\u013eavica. [20]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pri \u0161t\u00fadiu gr\u00e9ckej politickej sc\u00e9ny je tie\u017e treba si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee t\u00e1to jednorozmern\u00e1 oblas\u0165 \u013eavica-pravica v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zachyt\u00e1vala konflikty t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa socio-politick\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t, vzh\u013eadom na neskor\u00fa industrializ\u00e1ciu \u0161t\u00e1tu a absenciu klasick\u00e9ho rozdelenia medzi pracuj\u00facimi a kapit\u00e1lom. Dnes gr\u00e9cka politick\u00e1 sc\u00e9na u\u017e nie je jednorozmern\u00e1, ale je najlep\u0161ie zachyten\u00e1 dvojrozmern\u00fdm priestorom. [21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hlavn\u00e9 charakteristiky politick\u00e9ho a stran\u00edckeho syst\u00e9mu od roku 1974 sa zr\u00fatili vypuknut\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1tnej kr\u00edzy v d\u00f4sledku \u0161t\u00e1tneho dlhu v roku 2010. V roku 2012 sa zr\u00fatil syst\u00e9m dvoch str\u00e1n,, \u010do viedlo k fragment\u00e1ci\u00ed gr\u00e9ckeho stran\u00edckeho syst\u00e9mu. [22]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Medzi rokmi 2012 a\u017e 2019 Gr\u00e9cko za\u017eilo obdobie koali\u010dn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dnutia medzi PASOK, Novou Demokraciou a populistickou pravicovou stranou LAOS (2012), nasledovala koal\u00edcia PASOK, ND a stredo-\u013eavej strany Demokratick\u00e1 \u013eavica (na jeden rok) a napokon koal\u00edcia medzi radik\u00e1lnou \u013eavicovou stranou SYRIZA a nacionalistickou stranou Nez\u00e1visl\u00ed Gr\u00e9ci \u2013 ANEL(2015-2019).[23]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jednu z dominantn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n predstavuje SYRIZA – koal\u00edcia radik\u00e1lnej \u013eavice, \u013eavicov\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 strana. Bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roku 2004 spojen\u00edm \u013eavicov\u00fdch politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n a hnut\u00ed vr\u00e1tane marxistov, leninistov, socialistov a komunistov, trockistov, maoistov, zelen\u00fdch komunistov a nov\u00fdch \u013eavicov\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed.[24]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Toto hnutie sa do svojej fin\u00e1lnej podoby politickej strany pretvorilo v roku 2013. SYRIZA podporuje roz\u0161irovanie a posil\u0148ovanie soci\u00e1lneho \u0161t\u00e1tu a vyz\u00fdva na boj proti korupci\u00ed. Je proti privatiz\u00e1ci\u00ed vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho vzdelania, podporuje pr\u00e1va LGBTQ komunity a internacion\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup k rie\u0161eniu probl\u00e9mov. Napriek podpore eur\u00f3pskej integr\u00e1cie strana podporuje i reformu Eur\u00f3pskej \u00danie (E\u00da) ako soci\u00e1lne spravodlivej\u0161ieho, mierov\u00e9ho a demokratick\u00e9ho zv\u00e4zu. L\u00eddrom strany je od roku 2008 Alexis Tsipras.[25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nov\u00e1 Demokracia je stredoprav\u00e1 politick\u00e1 strana zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roku 1974, od tohto roku bola ND vo vl\u00e1de 11-kr\u00e1t. Ide o liber\u00e1lno-konzervat\u00edvnu stranu, ktor\u00e1 obhajuje zn\u00ed\u017eenie, obmedzenie soci\u00e1lneho \u0161t\u00e1tu v Gr\u00e9cku, zn\u00ed\u017eenie dan\u00ed rovnako ako i zn\u00ed\u017eenie vl\u00e1dnych v\u00fddavkov a regul\u00e1ci\u00ed. Podporuje vo\u013en\u00fd obchod a privatiz\u00e1ciu verejn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Strana presadzuje reformu trestn\u00e9ho s\u00fadnictva s cie\u013eom ulo\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie tresty za n\u00e1siln\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny a je proti man\u017eelstv\u00e1m p\u00e1rov rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia, adopci\u00ed die\u0165a\u0165a p\u00e1rmi rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia. Strana podporuje eur\u00f3psku integr\u00e1ciu a na jej \u010dele stoj\u00ed Kyriakos Mitsotakis. [26]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zlat\u00fd \u00fasvit je pravicovo-extr\u00e9mistick\u00e1 nacionalistick\u00e1 politick\u00e1 strana. Bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roku 1985 a vzr\u00e1stla po\u010das Gr\u00e9ckej ekonomickej kr\u00edzy. Strana zast\u00e1va anti-migra\u010dn\u00e9, antikomunistick\u00e9 a nacionalistick\u00e9 presved\u010denie. V minulosti bola t\u00e1to politick\u00e1 strana ozna\u010den\u00e1 ako zlo\u010dineck\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na imigrantov, \u010dlenov LGBTQ komunity a \u013eavicov\u00fdch aktivistov. L\u00eddrom strany je Nikolas Michaloliakos, ktor\u00fd sa s\u00e1m opisuje ako nacionalista a rasista. Strana bola v roku 2020 zak\u00e1zan\u00e1.[27]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hnutie za zmenu je stredo-\u013eav\u00e1 politick\u00e1 aliancia zlo\u017een\u00e1 z \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho stredo-\u013eav\u00e9ho Panhelensk\u00e9ho socialistick\u00e9ho hnutia (PASOK) a z in\u00fdch centristick\u00fdch stredo-\u013eav\u00fdch hnut\u00ed a str\u00e1n. T\u00e1to aliancia vznikla v roku 2018, a od jej zalo\u017eenia ju opustili u\u017e 2 politick\u00e9 strany. PASOK, hlavn\u00e1 strana tejto aliancie bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 mu\u017eom menom Andreas Papandreou.[28]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hnutie za zmenu podporuje soci\u00e1lny \u0161t\u00e1t, ale i s\u00fakromn\u00e9 vlastn\u00edctvo niektor\u00fdch verejn\u00fdch statkov. Strana je za eur\u00f3psku integr\u00e1ciu a presadzuje progres\u00edvnej\u0161iu a ekologickej\u0161iu E\u00da. [29]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Komunistick\u00e1 strana Gr\u00e9cka (KKE) bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roku 1918. Napriek tomu, \u017ee po v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu svojej existencie bola zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 ide o jednu z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n gr\u00e9ckeho stran\u00edckeho syst\u00e9mu. Zohrala k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu v odboji po\u010das nacistickej okup\u00e1cie a po\u010das n\u00e1slednej ob\u010dianskej vojny. KKE bola v parlamente zast\u00fapen\u00e1 po\u010das posledn\u00fdch 45 rokov. Strana sa zasadzuje proti kapitalistick\u00e9mu fungovaniu \u0161t\u00e1tu a aktu\u00e1lnej \u0161trukt\u00fare Eur\u00f3pskej \u00danie (E\u00da). Strana presadzuje n\u00e1zor, \u017ee Gr\u00e9cko aj ostatn\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty by mali vyst\u00fapi\u0165 z E\u00da a zriadi\u0165 komunistick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty. L\u00eddrom strany je Dimitris Koutsoumbas.[30] Situ\u00e1cia pred vo\u013ebami a predvolebn\u00e1 kampa\u0148 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Politick\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu vo \u0161t\u00e1te tvorili mnoh\u00e9 vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 a vonkaj\u0161ie faktory, ktor\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 ovplyv\u0148ovali v\u0161etky aspekty gr\u00e9ckeho politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota a volebn\u00e9 kampane jednotliv\u00fdch politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n. V prvom rade je potrebn\u00e9 vyzdvihn\u00fa\u0165 kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu so zl\u00fdmi d\u00f4sledkami, ktor\u00fa sp\u00f4sobila vlakov\u00e1 nehoda v greckom meste Tempi 1. marca 2023, kde sa zrazili dva osobn\u00e9 vlaky id\u00face z At\u00e9n a v opa\u010dnom smere z Larissy a kde pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov zahynulo 57 \u013eud\u00ed vr\u00e1tane mlad\u00fdch \u0161tudentov vracaj\u00facich sa z at\u00e9nskeho karnevalu.[31] I\u0161lo o najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu smrte\u013en\u00fa nehodu v dejin\u00e1ch modern\u00e9ho Gr\u00e9cka a jej ohlas vyvolal \u0161okov\u00fa vlnu u bud\u00facich prvovoli\u010dov, t. j. mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed vo veku 17 a\u017e 21 rokov. Mnoh\u00ed mlad\u00ed Gr\u00e9ci sa vyjadrili, \u017ee sa z\u00fa\u010dastnia na vo\u013eb\u00e1ch alebo \u00faplne zmenia svoj politick\u00fd kurz, preto\u017ee sa im nep\u00e1\u010dila politika vtedaj\u0161ieho premi\u00e9ra Mitsotakisa kv\u00f4li jeho neprepracovanej reforme dopravnej siete a takmer \u017eiadnym opatreniam na jej zlep\u0161enie.[32] Dokonca aj odst\u00fapenie vtedaj\u0161ieho ministra dopravy a infra\u0161trukt\u00fary Konstantinosa Karamanlisa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee svoje povinnosti vykon\u00e1val takmer nedokonale a len potvrdilo povzbudenie mlad\u00fdch. Mitsotakis v\u0161ak na druhej strane ubezpe\u010duje, \u017ee bude rie\u0161i\u0165 aspo\u0148 tak\u00e9to probl\u00e9my a pom\u00f4\u017ee rodin\u00e1m obet\u00ed tejto \u017eelezni\u010dnej nehody.[33] <\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokia\u013e ide o \u010fal\u0161ie probl\u00e9my, Gr\u00e9kov u\u017e dlh\u00e9 roky tr\u00e1pia in\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie probl\u00e9my, ako je napr\u00edklad migra\u010dn\u00e1 politika, ktorej realiz\u00e1cia neust\u00e1le naber\u00e1 na obr\u00e1tkach. Jedna z posledn\u00fdch udalost\u00ed pred vo\u013ebami, ke\u010f sa pri Pilosk\u00fdch ostrovoch prevr\u00e1tila lo\u010f so 750 migrantmi, vyvolala ve\u013ek\u00fd medi\u00e1lny rozruch, pri\u010dom sto \u0161tyri migranti z nich boli \u00fadajne zachr\u00e1nen\u00ed a sedemdesiat devia\u0165 m\u0155tv\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed boli vytiahnut\u00e9 z mora, \u010do sa pova\u017eovalo, pod\u013ea slov jedn\u00e9ho z predstavite\u013eov gr\u00e9ckej pobre\u017enej str\u00e1ze Nikosa Alexiou, za jedn\u00fa z naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed v Stredozemnom mor\u00ed. Ale je mo\u017ene kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee tak\u00e1to tvrd\u00e1 migra\u010dn\u00e1 politika je charakteristick\u00e1 pre Mitsotakosovu vl\u00e1du, za \u010do sa jej dostalo ods\u00fadenia zo strany Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, ktor\u00e1, naopak, ako sa zd\u00e1, bojuje sk\u00f4r za prejav leg\u00e1lnej migr\u00e1cie, aby sa zaru\u010dili \u017eivoty a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 migrantov, ne\u017e za samotn\u00e9 posilnenie eur\u00f3pskych n\u00e1morn\u00fdch hran\u00edc.[34] Z\u00e1rove\u0148 za v\u0161eobecn\u00fd fakt je mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eova\u0165 to, \u017ee rastie toti\u017e nielen po\u010det migruj\u00facich \u013eud\u00ed, ale aj po\u010det pr\u00edpadov poru\u0161ovania \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed potrebuj\u00fa azyl pre svoju bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a \u017eivot. Poru\u0161enia pri prekra\u010dovan\u00ed hran\u00edc boli zisten\u00e9 nielen zo strany samotn\u00fdch migrantov, ale aj zo strany pohrani\u010dnej str\u00e1\u017ee, a zisten\u00e9 boli aj nedostato\u010dnos\u0165 pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb pre t\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa u\u017e nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v mimoriadnom \u0161t\u00e1diu. Migranti, vn\u00fatorne vys\u00eddlen\u00e9 osoby aj ochrancovia \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v s\u00fa z\u00e1rove\u0148 neust\u00e1le pod tlakom diskrimin\u00e1cie, prenasledovania a dokonca trestnopr\u00e1vnej zodpovednosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Existuje aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do je migr\u00e1cia pre Gr\u00e9cko pomerne slab\u00fdm miestom. Ke\u010f\u017ee Gr\u00e9cko je st\u00e1le v procese rokovan\u00ed o reform\u00e1ch v r\u00e1mci spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho eur\u00f3pskeho azylu,<\/strong> tak najnaliehavej\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky e\u0161te neboli vyrie\u0161en\u00e9. V nariaden\u00ed Azylumu sa napr\u00edklad navrhuje, aby sa postupy opr\u00e1vnenosti vykon\u00e1vali v centr\u00e1ch na vonkaj\u0161\u00edch hraniciach E\u00da, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad uzavret\u00e9 centr\u00e1 s kontrolovan\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom na ostrovoch v Egejskom mori.[35] <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tesne pred vo\u013ebami v\u0161ak opozi\u010dn\u00ed l\u00eddri aj vl\u00e1dnuca strana vyjadrovali v\u0161etky mo\u017en\u00e9 pocity obetiam, od ru\u0161enia r\u00f4znych predvolebn\u00fdch podujat\u00ed a in\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch akci\u00ed a\u017e po zavedenie trojd\u0148ov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tneho sm\u00fatku za obe\u0165ami. T\u00fdmto prejavom s\u00facitu chceli nadviaza\u0165 kontakt s verejnos\u0165ou, aby z\u00edskali po\u017eadovan\u00e9 hlasy a dosiahli svoje \u010fal\u0161ie ciele. Ale to znamenalo, \u017ee \u017eiadna z politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n sa hlb\u0161ie nezauj\u00edma o rie\u0161enie ot\u00e1zok migr\u00e1cie. Takto postupovali presne aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00ed predstavitelia str\u00e1n Syriza a PASOK.[36]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokia\u013e ide o Komunistick\u00fa stranu Gr\u00e9cka, l\u00edder tejto strany Dimitris Kotsubas ako posledn\u00fd kritizoval E\u00da a kroky vtedaj\u0161ej gr\u00e9ckej vl\u00e1dy za neut\u00edchaj\u00facu intenzitu represi\u00ed vo\u010di migrantom s nedozern\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledkami a za pochovanie \u017denevsk\u00e9ho dohovoru o ute\u010dencoch, ktor\u00fd mal chr\u00e1ni\u0165 ich pr\u00e1va. Ale tak\u00fato teraj\u0161iu pr\u00edsnu migra\u010dn\u00fa politiku v\u0161ak pod\u013ea prieskumov verejnej mienky schva\u013euje viac ako 80 percent Gr\u00e9kov, preto\u017ee, pod\u013ea ich mienky, to chr\u00e1ni gr\u00e9cku krajinu pred demografick\u00fdm \u00fatokom Turkov a in\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov arabsk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov a ich emigra\u010dn\u00fdmi cie\u013emi, ktor\u00e9 by mali katastrof\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky s demografickou, soci\u00e1lnou, hospod\u00e1rskou a mo\u017eno aj region\u00e1lnou vojenskou kr\u00edzou.[37]<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010eal\u0161ou ve\u013ekou obavou Gr\u00e9kov je energetick\u00e1 kr\u00edza, ktor\u00e1 sa t\u00fdka aj celej Eur\u00f3py. Odkedy Rusko za\u00fato\u010dilo na Ukrajinu a spustilo akt\u00edvnu celoeur\u00f3psku kampa\u0148 na bojkot energie, Gr\u00e9cko za\u010dalo kampa\u0148 na n\u00e1rodn\u00fa v\u00fdrobu energie. Z\u00e1ujem je o \u0165a\u017ebu, dovoz a v\u00fdvoz zemn\u00e9ho plynu a doteraz nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkov a o vyu\u017e\u00edvanie alternat\u00edvnych zdrojov energie, ako je napr\u00edklad jadrov\u00e1 energia, v r\u00e1mci ktorej sa st\u00e1le diskutuje len o v\u00fdstavbe prvej gr\u00e9ckej jadrovej elektr\u00e1rne, a ktor\u00e1 by zabezpe\u010dila cenovo dostupn\u00fa a \u010dist\u00fa energiu. Vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na elektrick\u00fa energiu a nadmern\u00e1 spotreba tepla zo strany dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed a podnikov boli hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom zv\u00fd\u0161enia cien za elektrinu. V reakcii na to bolo zo \u0161t\u00e1tneho rozpo\u010dtu poskytnut\u00fdch viac ako 10 mili\u00f3nov EUR na pokrytie dom\u00e1cich nedoplatkov Gr\u00e9kov za spotrebu a platby za elektrinu. Napriek tomuto kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9mu cie\u013eu a dlhodobej v\u00edzii v\u0161ak gr\u00e9cky pl\u00e1n energetickej obnovy zlyhal a na rie\u0161enie tohto dokumentovan\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu ve\u013ek\u00e9ho rozsahu mus\u00ed Gr\u00e9cko zintenz\u00edvni\u0165 svoje \u00fasilie, aby ho zos\u00faladilo s revidovanou smernicou o energetickej hospod\u00e1rnosti budov. Ako uv\u00e1dza Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 agent\u00fara, inovat\u00edvne programy \u0165a\u017eby energie z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov musia by\u0165 od za\u010diatku navrhnut\u00e9 s osobitn\u00fdmi ustanoveniami pre zranite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje energie, t. j. tie, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te neboli d\u00f4kladne vy\u0165a\u017een\u00e9 a otestovan\u00e9 pre v\u0161etky n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 kvality. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom by sa mohla \u00fa\u010dinne rie\u0161i\u0165 energetick\u00e1 chudoba s mnoh\u00fdmi soci\u00e1lnymi, environment\u00e1lnymi a hospod\u00e1rskymi v\u00fdhodami na miestnej a region\u00e1lnej \u00farovni.[38]<\/p>\n\n\n\n A posledn\u00fdm bodom je tie\u017e nedotknute\u013en\u00fd bod kampane, ktor\u00fd sa t\u00fdka kritiky popredn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n v Gr\u00e9cku s\u00fa protikorup\u010dn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1, a to protikampansk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady proti stran\u00e1m ND-SYRIZA-PASOK, ktor\u00e9, pod\u013ea komunity, ktor\u00e1 sa vola \u201eOb\u010dania Gr\u00e9cka proti korupcii\u201c, s\u00fa obvinen\u00e9 z okradnutia \u013eud\u00ed o 15 mili\u00e1rd eur, ako to odhalil N\u00e1rodn\u00fd \u00fastav finan\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu. A taktie\u017e s\u00fa obvinen\u00e9 z prijat\u00ed z\u00e1konov, ktor\u00e9 \u00faplne odporuj\u00fa verejn\u00fdm z\u00e1ujmom ob\u010danov. \u010clenovia tejto komunity vyzvali Eur\u00f3psku \u00faniu, aby odstr\u00e1nila bankov\u00fd kartel a monitorovala odstra\u0148ovanie skorumpovanej proti\u013eudovej legislat\u00edvy a judikat\u00fary, sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 zru\u0161enie bankov\u00fdch aukci\u00ed, sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 vracanie ukradnut\u00fdch prostriedkov dl\u017en\u00edkom a st\u00edhanie vodcov bankov\u00fdch zlo\u010dinov.[39]<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010co sa t\u00fdka prieskumov verejnej mienky, tak tesne pred vo\u013ebami sa uskuto\u010dnilo ich \u0161t\u00fdrikr\u00e1t, ktor\u00e9 boli z r\u00f4znych a nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch posudkov a zbierali trochu rozdielne v\u00fdsledky v kol\u00edsan\u00ed percent a v kol\u00edsan\u00ed po\u010dtu str\u00e1n, ktor\u00e9 by sa dostali do parlamentu. Pod\u013ea s\u010d\u00edtania hlasov z prvej spolo\u010dnosti MARC sa Nov\u00e1 demokracia pohybuje od 39,8 % do 44,2 %, SYRIZA od 17,5 % do 20,9 %, PASOK-KINAL od 10,4 % do 13,2 %, Komunistick\u00e1 strana Gr\u00e9cka od 6,4 % do 8,8 %, Kurz slobody od 3 % do 4,6 %, Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie od 3 % do 4,6 % a strana Vi\u0165azstvo alebo Victory od 2,4 % do 4 %. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdsledkov prieskumu, ako uviedol gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e spolo\u010dnosti MARC Thomas Gerakis, by si Nov\u00e1 demokracia zabezpe\u010dila najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det kresiel so 165 mand\u00e1tmi, SYRIZA by z\u00edskala 53, PASOK 32, Komunistick\u00e1 strana Gr\u00e9cka 21, Kurz slobody 10 a Victory 9 kresiel.[40]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Metron Analysis „vid\u00ed“ v\u00ed\u0165azstvo ND s ve\u013ek\u00fdm n\u00e1skokom vo svojom poslednom prieskume pred vo\u013ebami 25. j\u00fana, ktor\u00fd bol prezentovan\u00fd v hlavnom bulletine Mega. \u010co sa t\u00fdka po\u010dtu hlasov, Nov\u00e1 demokracia z\u00edskava 40 %, SYRIZA 20,7 %, PASOK 11,7 %, KKE 7,4 %, Kurz slobody 3,8 %, Victory 3,6 %, Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie 3,1 %, zatia\u013e \u010do novo uveden\u00e1 politick\u00e1 strana MERA 25 – Eur\u00f3psky realistick\u00fd front odporu z\u00edskava 2,9 % a Spar\u0165ania s 2,8 % zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa mimo parlamentu. Pokia\u013e ide o rozdelenie mand\u00e1tov na z\u00e1klade stredn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t odhadov hlasov pre jednotliv\u00e9 strany, Nov\u00e1 demokracia m\u00e1 161 mand\u00e1tov, SYRIZA – 57, PASOK – 32, KKE – 20, Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie – 9, Kurz slobody – 10 a Victory – 11.[41]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dva dni pred vo\u013ebami uskuto\u010dnila spolo\u010dnos\u0165 MRB sociologick\u00fd prieskum \u0161peci\u00e1lne pre telev\u00edziu OPEN NEWS a uk\u00e1zala takmer podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky ako dva predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face prieskumy. Konkr\u00e9tne Nov\u00fa demokraciu ako l\u00eddra preferuje 36,3 % ob\u010danov, zatia\u013e \u010do Syrizu 18 %. Nasleduje PASOK s 10,5%, KKE s 6,7%, Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie s 3,4%, Victory s 3,1%, Kurz slobody s 3,5%, MeRA25 s 2,4% a Spar\u0165ania s 3 %. Pod\u013ea tohto pl\u00e1nu je percentu\u00e1lny podiel kresiel v parlamente rozdelen\u00fd takto: 158 kresiel pre ND, 53 pre SYRIZU, 31 pre PASOK, 20 pre KKE, po 10 kresiel pre Kurz slobody a Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie a po 9 kresiel pre Victory a Spar\u0165ancov.[42]<\/p>\n\n\n\n V scen\u00e1ri rozdelenia kresiel pod\u013ea prieskumu GPO uskuto\u010dnen\u00e9mu v mene port\u00e1lu parapolitika.gr., teda najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej webovej str\u00e1nke, zaoberaj\u00facej sa politikou Gr\u00e9cka, kde ND zaznamen\u00e1 43 %, SYRIZA 17,5 %, PASOK 12,5 %, KKE 7,5 %, Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie 4 %, Kurz slobody 3,3 % a Victory 3 %, t. j. z nede\u013en\u00e9ho hlasovania vz\u00edde parlament siedmich str\u00e1n, pri\u010dom s\u00fa\u010det str\u00e1n, ktor\u00e9 zostan\u00fa mimo parlamentu, bude 9,2 %, Nov\u00e1 demokracia dosiahne siln\u00fa nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 s kreslami rozdelen\u00fdmi takto: ND: 163, SYRIZA: 50, Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie: 36, PASOK: 22, KKE: 11, Kurz slobody: 9, Victory: 9.[43]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Preto sme po anal\u00fdze a v\u00fdpo\u010dtoch \u0161tyroch prieskumov uskuto\u010dnen\u00fdch nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed pred vo\u013ebami, zistili, \u017ee pod\u013ea ich v\u00fdpo\u010dtov sa do parlamentu mohlo dosta\u0165 dokonca 7 politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n, \u010do je v rozpore so skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledkami s 8 politick\u00fdmi stranami a mal\u00fdmi v\u00fdkyvmi v percent\u00e1ch hlasov medzi hlavn\u00fdmi s\u00fapermi v gr\u00e9ckych parlamentn\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010co sa t\u00fdka predvolebnej kampane, po tom, \u010do sme zistili, ktor\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany v Gr\u00e9cku ved\u00fa a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa ich v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 ideol\u00f3gie, mo\u017eno predvolebn\u00e9 s\u013euby rozdeli\u0165 na dve skupiny, tie s demokratick\u00fdmi hodnotami <\/strong>a tie s komunistick\u00fdmi, socialistick\u00fdmi a anti-europskymi, antidemokratick\u00fdmi, ultranacionalistick\u00fdmi, ultraortodoxn\u00fdmi hodnotami. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ak spoji\u0165 strany ND – SIROZA – PASOK, tak oni bojuj\u00fa za zv\u00fd\u0161enie invest\u00edci\u00ed a miezd, ekonomick\u00fd rozvoj a zn\u00ed\u017eenie nezamestnanosti a zadl\u017eenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho pand\u00e9miou Covid-19, konfliktn\u00fdmi stretmi s Tureckom a vojnou na Ukrajine. Taktie\u017e ich pl\u00e1ny na zn\u00ed\u017eenie energetickej infl\u00e1cie im d\u00e1vaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u0161ance na stabiliz\u00e1ciu v parlamente a realiz\u00e1ciu programov ekonomick\u00fdch reforiem. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9my patr\u00ed posil\u0148ovanie soci\u00e1lneho \u0161t\u00e1tu, zlep\u0161ovanie verejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edctva a syst\u00e9mu verejn\u00e9ho \u0161kolstva a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 demografick\u00e1 kr\u00edza, spojen\u00e1 z odchadzan\u00edm mlad\u00fdch do zahrani\u010dia na \u0161t\u00fadium, soci\u00e1lna spravodlivos\u0165, zavedenie verejn\u00fdch investicii, pomoc s tot\u00e1lne tvrdou \u010di m\u00e4kkou migra\u010dnou politikou, podpora interrupci\u00ed a LGBT komunity, man\u017eelstv\u00e1 os\u00f4b rovnak\u00e9ho pohlavia, environment\u00e1lne ot\u00e1zky, prekonanie energetickej kr\u00edzy \u0165a\u017ebou alternat\u00edvnych zdrojov energie a objavenie in\u00fdch \u0165a\u017eobn\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 predt\u00fdm neboli v Gr\u00e9cku zaveden\u00e9 alebo \u0161iroko dostupn\u00e9, a mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch.[44] [45] [46]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Najm\u00e4 strana Nov\u00e1 demokracia chce zohra\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu pri stabiliz\u00e1cii migra\u010dnej politiky, preto\u017ee pre konzervat\u00edvnych liber\u00e1lov je neprijate\u013en\u00e9 ma\u0165 na svojom \u00fazem\u00ed multikulturalizmus a predch\u00e1dza\u0165 extr\u00e9mne \u0165a\u017ekej demografickej situ\u00e1cii.[47] \u010co sa t\u00fdka Syrizy, t\u00e1 je \u0161etrnej\u0161ia v soci\u00e1lnych, etick\u00fdch, kult\u00farnych ot\u00e1zkach, no v ekonomick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zkach takmer podobn\u00e1 Novej demokracii.[48] A strana PASOK je zelen\u0161ia strana, je to aj usmernen\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 pokrokov\u00e1 strana, ktor\u00e1 bojuje proti rodovej nespravodlivosti v spolo\u010denskom \u017eivote, je za stabiln\u00fa mzdu a rovnak\u00e9 odmeny, m\u00e1 progres\u00edvny patriotizmus vo svojom programe at\u010f.[49]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vice-versa strany od predo\u0161lo spominan\u00fdch, a to s\u00fa Komunistick\u00e1 strana Gr\u00e9cka, Spar\u0165ania, Kurz slobody, Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie a Vi\u0165azstvo <\/strong>s\u00fa hodnotovo odli\u0161n\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany, a medzi nimi v prvom rade sa \u0161iri heslo proti trom spom\u00ednan\u00fdm stran\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 pod\u013ea komunistov \u010di ultranacionalistov v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017eili \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti Gr\u00e9cka a jej ob\u010danov a pok\u00fasili sa zmeni\u0165 mieru Gr\u00e9cka prostredn\u00edctvom korupcie a in\u00fdch nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinov tak, aby na\u010falej trpelo zn\u00e1mym dlhom alebo nedostato\u010dnou \u017eivotnou \u00farov\u0148ou. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom tak\u00fdchto str\u00e1n je preto posilni\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00fa obranu proti neleg\u00e1lnym migrantom e\u0161te tvrd\u0161\u00edm konan\u00edm, nes\u00fahlasi\u0165 s eur\u00f3pskou politikou, politikou NATO a USA a uprednost\u0148ova\u0165 spolupr\u00e1cu s Indiou, \u010c\u00ednou a Ruskom, najm\u00e4 v energetickej ot\u00e1zke, obmedzi\u0165 kapitalistick\u00e9 invest\u00edcie, zrovnopr\u00e1vni\u0165 pr\u00e1va \u013eud\u00ed a najm\u00e4 pracuj\u00facich, zavies\u0165 syst\u00e9m zdravotnej starostlivosti po pand\u00e9mii, zru\u0161enie sankci\u00ed vo\u010di Rusku v ekonomick\u00fdch a energetick\u00fdch aspektoch, odpor k umiestneniu arm\u00e1dy NATO na \u00fazem\u00ed Gr\u00e9cka ako z\u00e1kladu imperialistickej vojny, zn\u00e1rodnenie podniku, obnovenie suverenity Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho Gr\u00e9cka, t.j. svojich b\u00fdval\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, antiglobaliza\u010dn\u00e1 politika, podpora pravosl\u00e1vnej cirkvi alebo ultraorthodoxu, pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165 k patriotizmu svojho \u0161t\u00e1tu a rodinn\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m, kampa\u0148 proti LGBT, stanovy proti potratom, hesl\u00e1, \u017ee eurobyrokracia je totalita at\u010f. M\u00e1me teda \u010dinenia s \u00faplne in\u00fdmi ambici\u00f3znymi v\u00fdzvami pre ob\u010danov Gr\u00e9cka, aby zmenili svoje politick\u00e9 smerovanie.[50] [51] [52] [53] [54]<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010co sa t\u00fdka n\u00e1kladov, ko\u013eko vynalo\u017eili politick\u00e9 strany na svoju reklamn\u00fa kampa\u0148 na popul\u00e1rnych soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach, ide o 1,4 miliardy eur, \u010do je mnohon\u00e1sobne viac ako n\u00e1klady na kampa\u0148 v parlamentn\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch v roku 2019 a aj spolu s vo\u013ebami do Eur\u00f3pskeho parlamentu v roku 2019. Napr\u00edklad popredn\u00e1 strana Nov\u00e1 demokracia minula najviac pe\u0148az\u00ed, takmer polovicu rozpo\u010dtu na kampa\u0148, teda pribli\u017ene 830-tis\u00edc eur, z toho 442-tis\u00edc eur na reklamu na Facebooku alebo Meta a 386-tis\u00edc eur na Google. Obrazok \u010d.1. Mi\u0148anie politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n<\/em>[55]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Na tomto obr\u00e1zku je mo\u017ene vidie\u0165 celkov\u00fd graf toho, ko\u013eko pe\u0148azi ka\u017ed\u00e1 strana minula. Napr\u00edklad, Strana Syriza minula 175 000 eur, respekt\u00edve 169 000 eur. PASOK – 34 a 83 tis\u00edc eur. Len Googlu zaplatili komunisti 47-tis\u00edc eur. MEPA25 – 18 a 26-tis\u00edc eur. Kurz slobody 0 eur respekt\u00edve 15 tis\u00edc eur at\u010f. Tak\u017ee pri anal\u00fdze pe\u0148a\u017eeniek str\u00e1n m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee oni ve\u013ea financovali na svoje zvidite\u013en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely kampane, a to sa zoh\u013eadnilo len pri kampaniach v priestore Internetu, nehovoriac u\u017e o organizovan\u00ed m\u00edtingov, \u0161peci\u00e1lnych n\u00e1v\u0161tev do ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kampane telev\u00edznych a rozhlasov\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed at\u010f. Priebeh, v\u00fdsledky a d\u00f4sledky volieb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V r\u00e1mci priebehu volieb pova\u017eujeme za najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed ukazovate\u013e bez poch\u00fdb volebn\u00fa \u00fa\u010das\u0165. V j\u00fanov\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch sa volebn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010das\u0165 vy\u0161plhala na 53,74% \u010do predstavuje p\u00e4\u0165 mili\u00f3nov 273 tis\u00edc opr\u00e1vnen\u00fdch voli\u010dov. V porovnan\u00ed s m\u00e1jov\u00fdmi vo\u013ebami bol teda zaznamenan\u00fd pokles o osem percent a v porovnan\u00ed s vo\u013ebami z roku 2019 o necel\u00e9 \u0161tyri percent\u00e1. Po\u010det neplatn\u00fdch hlasovac\u00edch l\u00edstkov prekro\u010dil hranicu nie\u010do m\u00e1lo cez tridsa\u0165 tis\u00edc.[56]<\/p>\n\n\n\n V r\u00e1mci volebn\u00fdch obvodov bola najvy\u0161\u0161ia \u00fa\u010das\u0165 v severnej \u010dasti hlavn\u00e9ho mesta At\u00e9ny konkr\u00e9tne necel\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165desiattri percent najni\u017e\u0161ia zase vo volebnom obvode Florina<\/em>, kde sa \u00fa\u010das\u0165 vy\u0161plhala len na tridsa\u0165tri a pol percenta. [57]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Viacer\u00e9 denn\u00edky a agent\u00fary upozor\u0148ovali, \u017ee priebeh samotn\u00fdch volieb m\u00f4\u017ee naru\u0161i\u0165 ne\u0161\u0165astie v Stredozemnom mori len p\u00e1r desiatok kilometrov od pobre\u017eia Gr\u00e9cka, ktor\u00e9 mohlo prameni\u0165 zo striktnej migra\u010dnej politiky samotn\u00e9ho Gr\u00e9cka. Toto ne\u0161\u0165astie sa odohralo len necel\u00e9 dva t\u00fd\u017edne pred konan\u00edm volieb. Ryb\u00e1rska lo\u010f preplnen\u00e1 pribli\u017ene sedemstop\u00e4\u0165desiat migrantmi to kapacitne nezvl\u00e1dla a za\u010dala sa pon\u00e1ra\u0165. Na palube sa nach\u00e1dzali prim\u00e1rne migruj\u00faci z Pakistanu, S\u00fdrie \u010di Palest\u00edny. Ponorenie tejto lode skon\u010dilo smr\u0165ou minim\u00e1lne sedemdesiatosem \u013eud\u00ed a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch stoviek \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed po tejto trag\u00e9di\u00ed ostali nezvestn\u00ed. Gr\u00e9ckej pobre\u017enej str\u00e1\u017ei sa zo Stredozemn\u00e9ho mora podarilo vytiahnu\u0165 stoosem \u013eud\u00ed. V kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku sa v\u0161ak toto ne\u0161\u0165astie neodrazilo na v\u00fdsledkoch volieb a Gr\u00e9ci tak volili prim\u00e1rne na z\u00e1klade s\u00favislost\u00ed s ekonomickou kr\u00edzou z poslednej dek\u00e1dy.[58] \u010eal\u0161\u00edm aspektom, ktor\u00fd ovplyvnil priebeh volieb bolo taktie\u017e u\u017e vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00e9 znovuzavedenie bonusov\u00fdch mand\u00e1tov pre v\u00fdhern\u00fa stranu.[59]<\/p>\n\n\n\n S ur\u010ditos\u0165ou m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee gr\u00e9cke exit-polly sa pribli\u017eovali re\u00e1lnemu v\u00fdsledku ove\u013ea viac ako napr\u00edklad pri ned\u00e1vnych vo\u013eb\u00e1ch na Slovensku. Taktie\u017e sa exit-polly v Gr\u00e9cku ud\u00e1vaj\u00fa v rozp\u00e4tiach v\u00fdsledku, ktor\u00e9 dan\u00e1 strana m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165. Pri m\u00e1jov\u00fdch aj j\u00fanov\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch sa tak exit-polly pohybovali presne v \u010d\u00edslach, ktor\u00e9 sme videli aj v kone\u010dnom v\u00fdsledku. Jedin\u00fa v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161iu anom\u00e1liu sme zaznamenali pri prv\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch v m\u00e1ji, kedy \u013eavicovej Syrize<\/em> exit-polly d\u00e1vali 23,5 a\u017e 27,5% no v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku strana dosiahla len nie\u010do m\u00e1lo cez 20%. Pri v\u00ed\u0165aznej strane Nova Demokracia<\/em> sa v\u0161ak exit-polly v oboch pr\u00edpadoch vo\u0161li do rozp\u00e4tia percent, ktor\u00e9 napokon strana aj z\u00edskala (M\u00e1j- 37,5 a\u017e 41,5%,v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 40,79%\/J\u00fan- 40 a\u017e 44%, v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 40,56%).[60]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Volieb sa teda z\u00fa\u010dastnilo tridsa\u0165dva politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n a hnut\u00ed, \u010do bolo v porovnan\u00ed s m\u00e1jov\u00fdmi vo\u013ebami menej o \u0161tyri politick\u00e9 subjekty. Nov\u00e1 demokracia<\/em> i\u0161la do j\u00fanov\u00fdch volieb s jasn\u00fdm cie\u013eom a to dosiahnu\u0165 v\u00fdsledok, ktor\u00fd im zaru\u010d\u00ed potrebn\u00fdch 151 kresiel k nadpolovi\u010dnej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine. Vl\u00e1dna strana tak vylep\u0161ila svoj kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledok v porovnan\u00ed s m\u00e1jov\u00fdmi vo\u013ebami a\u017e o dvan\u00e1s\u0165 kresiel na stop\u00e4\u0165desiatosem, v\u010faka \u010domu mohla v nasleduj\u00facom obdob\u00ed sklada\u0165 jednofarebn\u00fa liber\u00e1lno-konzervat\u00edvnu vl\u00e1du. V\u00ed\u0165azn\u00e1 strana z\u00edskala 40,56% hlasov, \u010do predstavovalo konkr\u00e9tne dva mili\u00f3ny 115 tis\u00edc opr\u00e1vnen\u00fdch voli\u010dov.[61]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gr\u00e9cky parlament sa tak v tomto volebnom obdob\u00ed bude sklada\u0165 z \u00f4smych politick\u00fdch subjektov a to konkr\u00e9tne: soci\u00e1lno-demokratick\u00e1 strana SYRIZA <\/em>(17,83%), socialistick\u00fd PASOK<\/em> alebo teda Hnutie za zmenu <\/em>(11,84%), Komunistick\u00e1 strana Gr\u00e9cka <\/em>(7,69%), krajne-pravicov\u00ed Spar\u0165ania <\/em>(4,68%), pravicov\u00e9 Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie <\/em>(4,44%), \u010fal\u0161ie krajne-pravicov\u00e9 Demokraticko-patriotick\u00e9 hnutie-V\u00cd\u0164AZSTVO <\/em>(3,70%) a \u013eavicovo-populistick\u00fd Kurz slobody <\/em>(3,17%).[62]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Na druhom mieste sa umiestnila Syriza<\/em> s necel\u00fdmi osemn\u00e1stimi percentami, \u010do jej prinieslo \u0161tyridsa\u0165sedem kresiel a v porovnan\u00ed s vo\u013ebami v m\u00e1ji stratila t\u00e1to strana a\u017e dvadsa\u0165\u0161tyri poslaneck\u00fdch mand\u00e1tov. Tretie miesto obsadil PASOK<\/em> s tridsa\u0165dva mand\u00e1tmi, \u0161tvrt\u00e9 patr\u00ed Komunistickej strane Gr\u00e9cka<\/em> s dvadsa\u0165jeden mand\u00e1tmi, \u010falej zhodne po dvan\u00e1s\u0165 kresiel si prerozdelili Spar\u0165ania<\/em> a Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie<\/em>. Strane V\u00ed\u0165azstvo<\/em> a Kurz slobody<\/em> tak ostalo desa\u0165 respekt\u00edve osem poslaneck\u00fdch mand\u00e1tov. [63]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vznik novej vl\u00e1dy prebiehal po vo\u013eb\u00e1ch bez v\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9mov. Kyriakos Mitsotakis<\/em> u\u017e po druh\u00fd kr\u00e1t zasadol do premi\u00e9rskeho kresla a hne\u010f de\u0148 po vo\u013eb\u00e1ch, 26. j\u00fana zlo\u017eil v prezidentskom pal\u00e1ci pr\u00edsahu a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dni predstavitelia tak vykonali hne\u010f \u010fal\u0161\u00ed de\u0148 po premi\u00e9rovi. Ako sme u\u017e vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenuli, vl\u00e1da je jednofarebn\u00e1 s dostato\u010dne siln\u00fdm mand\u00e1tom, sklad\u00e1 sa v\u00fdhradne z \u010dlenov Novej Demokracie<\/em> a moment\u00e1lne ju tvor\u00ed a\u017e \u0161es\u0165desiattri \u010dlenov. Konkr\u00e9tne sa sklad\u00e1 z: dvadsa\u0165tri ministrov, tridsa\u0165\u0161tyri z\u00e1stupcov ministrov a \u0161tyria n\u00e1hradn\u00edci ministrov. Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou taktie\u017e je \u017ee a\u017e dev\u00e4tn\u00e1s\u0165 \u010dlenov vl\u00e1dy predstavuj\u00fa nevolen\u00ed z\u00e1stupcovia teda technokrati alebo \u00faradn\u00edci.[64]<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010co sa t\u00fdka dom\u00e1cej politiky, sklo\u0148uje sa najm\u00e4 v\u00fdrok politol\u00f3ga Yannisa Tsirbasa <\/em>z at\u00e9nskej univerzity, ktor\u00fd tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee: \u201ev t\u00fdchto vo\u013eb\u00e1ch sme mohli vidie\u0165 najm\u00e4 ekonomick\u00e9 hlasovanie.\u201c<\/em>[65]<\/em><\/strong> Tsirbas tak nar\u00e1\u017eal prim\u00e1rne na ekonomick\u00e9 opatrenia Mitsotakisovej<\/em> vl\u00e1dy z predo\u0161l\u00e9ho volebn\u00e9ho obdobia, ktor\u00e9 pozit\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa spolo\u010densk\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu po \u0165a\u017ekej finan\u010dnej kr\u00edze z minulej dek\u00e1dy a taktie\u017e aj po \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch \u010dasoch z posledn\u00fdch rokov, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobila najm\u00e4 pand\u00e9mia koronav\u00edrusu. Tsirbas<\/em> \u010falej tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ob\u010dania oce\u0148uj\u00fa pr\u00edstup Mitsotakisa<\/em>, ktor\u00fd sa pod\u013ea nich v\u00fdrazne pri\u010dinil o ekonomick\u00fd rast a zn\u00ed\u017eenie nezamestnanosti. Pri zahrani\u010dnej politike sa sklo\u0148uj\u00fa najm\u00e4 ot\u00e1zky vz\u0165ahov medzi Gr\u00e9ckom a Tureckom. Predseda vl\u00e1dy Mitsotakis<\/em> a z\u00e1stupca ministra zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed Kostas Fragogiannis<\/em> sa verejne pris\u013e\u00fabili, \u017ee bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165 v budovan\u00ed pozit\u00edvnej agendy medzi t\u00fdmito \u0161t\u00e1tmi.[66]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zdroje: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [3] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [4] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [5] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [6] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [7] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [8] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [9] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [10] Helenic Parliament : Elections [online]. Helenic Parliament, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.hellenicparliament.gr\/en\/Vouli-ton-Ellinon\/To-Politevma\/Ekloges\/\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [11] Al Jazeera : Greek elections so far : All you need to know in 400 words [online]. Al Jazeera, 21\/05\/2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/5\/21\/greek-elections-so-far-all-you-need-to-know-in-400-words\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [12] Al Jazeera : Greek elections so far : All you need to know in 400 words [online]. Al Jazeera, 21\/05\/2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/5\/21\/greek-elections-so-far-all-you-need-to-know-in-400-words\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [13] Al Jazeera : Greek elections so far : All you need to know in 400 words [online]. Al Jazeera, 21\/05\/2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/5\/21\/greek-elections-so-far-all-you-need-to-know-in-400-words\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [14] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [15] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [16] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [17] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [18] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [19] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [20] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [21] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [22] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [23] Eftichia Teperoglou : Political parties of Greece \u2013 a map of the political landscape [online]. The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/athens.fes.de\/projekte\/political-parties-of-greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [24] Ilaria Federico, Thomas Bolton : Your guide to the Greek elections [online]. Euronews, 18\/05\/2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2023\/05\/17\/your-guide-to-the-greek-elections\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [25] Europe Elects : Greece [online]. Europe Elects, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/europeelects.eu\/greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [26] Europe Elects : Greece [online]. Europe Elects, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/europeelects.eu\/greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [27] Europe Elects : Greece [online]. Europe Elects, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/europeelects.eu\/greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [28] Europe Elects : Greece [online]. Europe Elects, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/europeelects.eu\/greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [29] Ilaria Federico, Thomas Bolton : Your guide to the Greek elections [online]. Euronews, 18\/05\/2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2023\/05\/17\/your-guide-to-the-greek-elections\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [30] Europe Elects : Greece [online]. Europe Elects, 2023 [cit. 18\/11\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/europeelects.eu\/greece\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [31] Greece train crash which left 57 dead was \u201emainly due to tragic human error\u201c, prime minister says [online]. Skynews: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/greece-train-crash-which-left-57-dead-was-mainly-due-to-tragic-human-error-prime-minister-says-12823227><\/p>\n\n\n\n [32] After Greece\u2019s worst train crash, yoing Greeks rallz for change ahead of elections [online]. NPR (National Public Radio): 2023-03-22 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/03\/22\/1164679637\/greece-train-collision-young-greeks-protest><\/p>\n\n\n\n [33] Greek Transport Minister Kostas Karamanlis resigns following train collision tragedy \u2013 \u201eAs a minimal sign of respect to the memory of the victims\u201c [online]. Greek City Times: 2023-03-02 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/greekcitytimes.com\/2023\/03\/02\/kostas-karamanlis-resigns\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [34] 78 dead after boat with refugees and migrants sinks off Greece [online]. AlJazeera: 2023-06-14 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/6\/14\/seventeen-dead-after-boat-carrying-migrants-capsizes-off-greece><\/p>\n\n\n\n [35] Migration: Commission and Greece agree joint plan for a new reception centre in Lesvos [online]. European Commission: 2020-12-03 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/es\/ip_20_2287><\/p>\n\n\n\n [36] Greece declares 3 days of national mourning in wake of deadly train crash [online]. Anadolu Agency: 2023-03-01 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/europe\/greece-declares-3-days-of-national-mourning-in-wake-of-deadly-train-crash\/2834541><\/p>\n\n\n\n [37] \u039f\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1 (Prejav Dimitrisa Koutsoubasa v Larisse) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka Komunistickej str\u00e1ny Gr\u00e9cka: 2023-05-05 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.kke.gr\/article\/Omilia-toy-Dimitri-Koytsoympa-sti-Larisa\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [38] METAXA. Kyriaki, Context shots: Unpacking the 2023 General Elections in Greece #3 Greek energz transition at crossroads [online]. Heinrich B\u00f6ll Stifgtung: Thessaloniki: 2023-05-15 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/gr.boell.org\/en\/media\/remote-video\/context-shots-unpacking-2023-general-elections-greece-3-greek-energy-transition><\/p>\n\n\n\n [39] 33-1. \u0395\u039a\u039b\u039f\u0393\u0395\u03a3 2023 \u2013 \u039f\u0399 \u0394\u0391\u039d\u0395\u0399\u039f\u039b\u0397\u03a0\u03a4\u0395\u03a3 \u03a4\u0399\u039c\u03a9\u03a1\u039f\u03a5\u039d \u03a3\u03a4\u0399\u03a3 \u039a\u0391\u039b\u03a0\u0395\u03a3 \u2013 \u03a0\u03a1\u03a9\u03a4\u039f\u0392\u039f\u03a5\u039b\u0399\u0391 \u0393\u0399\u0391 \u0393\u0395\u039d\u0399\u039a\u0395\u03a5\u039c\u0395\u039d\u0397 \u03a0\u03a1\u039f\u0395\u039a\u039b\u039f\u0393\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0395\u039a\u03a3\u03a4\u03a1\u0391\u03a4\u0395\u0399\u0391 \u039a\u0391\u03a4\u0391 \u03a4\u0397\u03a3 \u0394\u0399\u0391\u03a6\u0398\u039f\u03a1\u0391\u03a3 ( 33-1. Vo\u013eby 2023 \u2013 dl\u017enici trestuj\u00fa vo vo\u013ebe \u2013 Iniciat\u00edva za v\u0161eobecn\u00fa volebn\u00fa kampa\u00e4 proti korupci\u00ed) [online]. Anti Corruption. gr.: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/anticorruption.gr\/33-1-ekloges-2023-oi-daneioliptes-ekdikountai-stis-kalpes\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [40] \u0395\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 2023 – \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 37,3% \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 45% \u03b7 \u039d\u0394 – \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 6 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 8 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Marc. ( Vo\u013eby 2023 \u2013 posledn\u00e9 \u0161tyri prieskumy verejnej mienky: Od 37,3 % do 45 % ND \u2013 Od 6 do 8 str\u00e1n v parlamente. Prieskum od spolo\u010dnosti MARC). [online]. Protothema.gr.: 2023-06-23 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.protothema.gr\/politics\/article\/1385329\/ekloges-2023-oi-tesseris-teleutaies-dimoskopiseis-apo-373-eos-45-i-nd-apo-6-eos-8-kommata-sti-vouli\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n [41] \u0395\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 2023 – \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 37,3% \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 45% \u03b7 \u039d\u0394 – \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 6 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 8 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae. H \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Metron Analysis. ( Vo\u013eby 2023 \u2013 posledn\u00e9 \u0161tyri prieskumy verejnej mienky: Od 37,3 % do 45 % ND \u2013 Od 6 do 8 str\u00e1n v parlamente. Prieskum od spolo\u010dnosti Metron Analysis). [online]. Protothema.gr.: 2023-06-23 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.protothema.gr\/politics\/article\/1385329\/ekloges-2023-oi-tesseris-teleutaies-dimoskopiseis-apo-373-eos-45-i-nd-apo-6-eos-8-kommata-sti-vouli\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n [42] \u0395\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 2023 – \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 37,3% \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 45% \u03b7 \u039d\u0394 – \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 6 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 8 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 MRB. ( Vo\u013eby 2023 \u2013 posledn\u00e9 \u0161tyri prieskumy verejnej mienky: Od 37,3 % do 45 % ND \u2013 Od 6 do 8 str\u00e1n v parlamente. Prieskum od spolo\u010dnosti MRB). [online]. Protothema.gr.: 2023-06-23 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.protothema.gr\/politics\/article\/1385329\/ekloges-2023-oi-tesseris-teleutaies-dimoskopiseis-apo-373-eos-45-i-nd-apo-6-eos-8-kommata-sti-vouli\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n [43] \u0395\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 2023 – \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 37,3% \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 45% \u03b7 \u039d\u0394 – \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 6 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 8 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae. H \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 GPO. ( Vo\u013eby 2023 \u2013 posledn\u00e9 \u0161tyri prieskumy verejnej mienky: Od 37,3 % do 45 % ND \u2013 Od 6 do 8 str\u00e1n v parlamente. Prieskum od spolo\u010dnosti GPO). [online]. Protothema.gr.: 2023-06-23 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.protothema.gr\/politics\/article\/1385329\/ekloges-2023-oi-tesseris-teleutaies-dimoskopiseis-apo-373-eos-45-i-nd-apo-6-eos-8-kommata-sti-vouli\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [44] \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 (N\u00e1\u0161 progr\u00e1m) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka strany Nov\u00e1 demokracia: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/nd.gr\/ekloges-2023><\/p>\n\n\n\n [45] \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 (Deklar\u00e1cia) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka strany PASOK: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/pasok.gr\/diakiryksi\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [46] \u0395\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 2023: \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a1\u0399\u0396\u0391 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 50 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (Vo\u013eby 2023: Vl\u00e1dny program SYRIZA na prv\u00fdch 50 dn\u00ed) [online]. Lifo.gr.: 2023-04-28 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.lifo.gr\/now\/politics\/ekloges-2023-kybernitiko-programma-toy-syriza-gia-tis-protes-50-imeres><\/p>\n\n\n\n [47] \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 (N\u00e1\u0161 progr\u00e1m) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka strany Nov\u00e1 demokracia: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/nd.gr\/ekloges-2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n [48] \u0395\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 2023: \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a1\u0399\u0396\u0391 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 50 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (Vo\u013eby 2023: Vl\u00e1dny program SYRIZA na prv\u00fdch 50 dn\u00ed) [online]. Lifo.gr.: 2023-04-28 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.lifo.gr\/now\/politics\/ekloges-2023-kybernitiko-programma-toy-syriza-gia-tis-protes-50-imeres><\/p>\n\n\n\n [49] \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 (Deklar\u00e1cia) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka strany PASOK: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/pasok.gr\/diakiryksi\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [50] \u039f\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1 (Prejav Dimitrisa Koutsoubasa v Larisse) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka Komunistickej str\u00e1ny Gr\u00e9cka: 2023-05-05 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.kke.gr\/article\/Omilia-toy-Dimitri-Koytsoympa-sti-Larisa\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [51] \u0399\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 (Zakladaj\u00face vyhl\u00e1senie) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka strany Spar\u0165ania: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/spartiates.gr\/idrytiki-diakiryxi><\/p>\n\n\n\n [52] \u039d\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u2013 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 ( V\u00cd\u0164AZSTVO – Politick\u00e1 deklar\u00e1cia) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka strany Vi\u0165azstvo: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.nikh.gr\/i-niki><\/p>\n\n\n\n [53] \u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u039b\u03a5\u03a3\u0397\u00bb. \u0399\u0394\u03a1\u03a5\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u03a0\u039f\u039b\u0399\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0394\u0399\u0391\u039a\u0397\u03a1\u03a5\u039e\u0397 (Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie. Zakladaj\u00face politick\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1senie) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka strany Gr\u00e9cke rie\u0161enie: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/elliniki-lisi.gr\/idritiki-diakiriksi><\/p>\n\n\n\n [54] \u0399\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 (Zakladaj\u00face vyhl\u00e1senie) [online]. Ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka strany Kurz slobody: 2023 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.plefsieleftherias.gr\/idrytiki-diakiryxi\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [55] \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d.\u0394. \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 ( V\u0161emoh\u00facnos\u0165 N.D. v online politickej reklame) [online]. Efsyn.gr.: 2023-07-01 [cit. 2023-12-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.efsyn.gr\/politiki\/395972_pantodynamia-tis-nd-sti-diadiktyaki-politiki-diafimisi><\/p>\n\n\n\n [56] National elections \u2013 June 2023<\/em>. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/ekloges.ypes.gr\/current\/v\/home\/en\/parties\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [57] Electoral districts. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/ekloges.ypes.gr\/current\/v\/home\/en\/districts\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [58] Migrant boat disaster in Greece: What we know so far. <\/em>[online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/migrant-boat-disaster-in-greece-what-we-know-so-far-12903483><\/p>\n\n\n\n [59] GATOPOULOS, D.: Greek elections a one-horse race after conservatives topple left-wing strongholds<\/em>. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/greece-elections-kyriakos-mitsotakis-68ede5199cd79d8ddc956253655d688a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [60] Exit polls in Greece project landslide win for conservative New Democracy party<\/em>. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/exit-polls-in-greece-project-landslide-win-for-conservative-new-democracy-party\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [61] National elections \u2013 June 2023<\/em>. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/ekloges.ypes.gr\/current\/v\/home\/en\/parties\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [62] Election for Greek Parliament<\/em>. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.electionguide.org\/elections\/id\/4142\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [63] Election for Greek Parliament<\/em>. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.electionguide.org\/elections\/id\/4142\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n [64] TATAROVA, A.: New Greek Government Takes Shape<\/em>. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.freiheit.org\/new-greek-government-takes-shape><\/p>\n\n\n\n [65] GATOPOULOS, D.: Greek elections a one-horse race after conservatives topple left-wing strongholds. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/greece-elections-kyriakos-mitsotakis-68ede5199cd79d8ddc956253655d688a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [66] MICHALOPOULOS, S.: New Greek government eyes \u2018reset\u2019 in relations with Turkey<\/em>. [online], [cit. 21\/12\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/politics\/news\/new-greek-government-eyes-reset-in-relations-with-turkey\/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" (Dami\u00e1n \u010carn\u00fd & Anhelina Patskan & S\u00e1ra Maleck\u00e1) Charakteristika volebn\u00e9ho a stranick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Dnes si v zastupite\u013esk\u00fdch demokraci\u00e1ch, akou je aj Hel\u00e9nska republika, svojich z\u00e1stupcov vol\u00ed \u013eud. T\u00edto z\u00e1stupcovia po\u010das svojho mand\u00e1tu plnia konkr\u00e9tne povinnosti a preberaj\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 pod\u013ea pravidiel parlamentu a \u010dl\u00e1nkov \u00fastavy.[1] \u00dastava Hel\u00e9nskej republiky upravuje vo\u013eby, ich konanie \u010di particip\u00e1ciu v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analyzy"],"yoast_head":"\n
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