{"id":629,"date":"2023-09-30T21:22:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-30T19:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=629"},"modified":"2023-09-30T19:38:12","modified_gmt":"2023-09-30T17:38:12","slug":"maskulinizmus-muzsky-naprotivok-feminizmu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=629","title":{"rendered":"Maskulinizmus \u2013 mu\u017esk\u00fd n\u00e1protivok feminizmu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Maskulinizmus (Maskulizmus) je term\u00edn, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvame na ozna\u010denie r\u00f4znych vari\u00e1ci\u00ed soci\u00e1lneho, politick\u00e9ho a kult\u00farneho hnutia ako aj ideol\u00f3gie. Ide o s\u00fahrn mor\u00e1lnej filozofie, ktor\u00e1 je zalo\u017een\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na emp\u00edri\u00ed, teda sk\u00fasenostiach a pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed mu\u017eov. Pova\u017eujeme ho za mu\u017esk\u00fd n\u00e1protivok feminizmu. Je potrebn\u00e9 podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee v maskulinizme absentuje \u00farove\u0148 historickej a organizovanej obhajoby hnutia ako vo feminizme. Hlavn\u00e9 idey maskulinizmu pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 z kritiky spolo\u010dnosti a soci\u00e1lnych vz\u0165ahov v asoci\u00e1ci\u00ed s mu\u017emi.[1]<\/a> Anal\u00fdzou s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch rodov\u00fdch nerovnost\u00ed alebo rovnost\u00ed u maskulinistov vznik\u00e1 premisa, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina mu\u017eov boli tak isto utl\u00e1\u010dan\u00ed siln\u00fdm patriarch\u00e1tom ako \u017eeny. Av\u0161ak, so silnej\u00facou emancip\u00e1ciou \u017eien a aktivitou feministick\u00fdch hnut\u00ed za posledn\u00e9 polstoro\u010die s\u00fa mu\u017ei v dne\u0161nej dobe viacej znev\u00fdhodnen\u00ed v spolo\u010dnosti ako \u017eeny.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maskulinisti nechc\u00fa vyzdvihova\u0165 postavenie mu\u017ea, no poukazuj\u00fa na jeho v\u00fdznam ako otca, man\u017eela a \u010dlena spolo\u010dnosti a in\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych rol\u00e1ch. Ako ideol\u00f3gia nem\u00e1 zv\u00fdhod\u0148ova\u0165 mu\u017esk\u00e9 postavenie, av\u0161ak radik\u00e1lnej\u0161ie odno\u017ee ako ma\u010dizmus a mizog\u00fdnia sa vyzna\u010duj\u00fa \u0161ovinizmom vo\u010di \u017een\u00e1m a dokonca aj mu\u017eom, ak nevyhovuj\u00fa ich mu\u017esk\u00e9mu ide\u00e1lu.[3]<\/a> Cie\u013eom n\u00e1\u0161ho \u010dl\u00e1nku je predstavi\u0165 \u010ditate\u013eovi aj druh\u00fd protip\u00f3l boja za rodov\u00fa rovnos\u0165 a pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 ako vn\u00edmaj\u00fa problematiku rodov\u00e9ho boja maskulinisti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum oblast\u00ed z\u00e1ujmu maskulinistov. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 maskulinistick\u00e9 hnutia sa s\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa na mu\u017eov a chlapcov, najm\u00e4 na ich zdravie, vzdelanie a ur\u010dit\u00fd tlak a o\u010dak\u00e1vania od spolo\u010dnosti k mu\u017eom, ktor\u00e9 „je potrebn\u00e9 naplni\u0165 na z\u00e1klade historickej predispoz\u00edcie“. Z ich uhla poh\u013eadu aj mu\u017ei trpia zastaran\u00fdmi, tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi rolami ako \u017eeny. Maskulinizmus m\u00f4\u017eeme deli\u0165 na dve hlavn\u00e9 odvetvia – liber\u00e1lny a konzervat\u00edvny maskulinizmus. Konzervat\u00edvni maskulinisti prehlasuj\u00fa, \u017ee nerovnos\u0165 medzi pohlaviami je vytvoren\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade \u013eudskej prirodzenosti. S\u00fa to pr\u00e1ve premisy feminizmu, ktor\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1sili rodov\u00e9 role za umelo vytvoren\u00fd kon\u0161trukt ur\u010den\u00fd na utl\u00e1\u010danie \u017eien. S\u00fa to pr\u00e1ve \u017eeny, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia zni\u010di\u0165 prirodzen\u00e9 status quo cez pr\u00e1vne predpisy a in\u00e9 prostriedky. So zv\u00fd\u0161enou emancip\u00e1ciou \u017eien sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila miera rozvodovosti, \u010do zapr\u00ed\u010dinilo deti vyrastaj\u00face bez otca. Deti v ne\u00fapln\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch s\u00fa viac n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k drogovej z\u00e1vislosti a ku krimin\u00e1lnej \u010dinnosti, \u010do zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje preplnen\u00e9 v\u00e4znice. Emancip\u00e1cia m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok odcudzenos\u0165 pohlav\u00ed. Silnej\u00face feministick\u00e9 hnutia pretla\u010dili do spolo\u010dnosti \u017eensk\u00fd \u0161ovinizmus, spolo\u010densk\u00fa nen\u00e1vis\u0165 vo\u010di mu\u017eom, \u010do sa odzrkad\u013euje na du\u0161evnom zdrav\u00ed mu\u017eov. V oblasti du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia sa neprihliada na emocion\u00e1lny stav mu\u017eov. Vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fac z tradi\u010dn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t mu\u017e m\u00e1 by\u0165 t\u00fdm siln\u00fdm, nezlomn\u00fdm, tou stabilnou \u010das\u0165ou rodiny a spolo\u010dnosti. Ozna\u010denie citliv\u00fd pre mu\u017ea je sk\u00f4r potupn\u00fdm pr\u00edvlastkom. Mu\u017ei p\u00e1chaj\u00fa samovra\u017edu 3,5 kr\u00e1t \u010dastej\u0161ie ako \u017eeny.[4]<\/a> V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z pr\u00edpadov samovr\u00e1\u017ed boli ne\u010dakan\u00e9 a pozostal\u00ed si nikdy nev\u0161imli \u017eiadnych n\u00e1znakov, depresie, alebo prejavov zl\u00e9ho psychick\u00e9ho stavu. Mu\u017e je vn\u00edman\u00fd ako potenci\u00e1lny zdroj n\u00e1silia. Maskulinisti to d\u00e1vaj\u00fa za vinu spom\u00ednan\u00fdm tradi\u010dn\u00fdm rol\u00e1m, do ktor\u00fdch \u0161tylizujeme u\u017e mal\u00fdch chlapcov. Z d\u00f4vodu typick\u00fdch hier chlapcov ako je hra na vojaka a bojova\u0165, hra na kovboja a zab\u00edja\u0165 indi\u00e1nov, by\u0165 policajtom a strie\u013ea\u0165 zlo\u010dincov – n\u00e1silie je mu\u017eom bl\u00edzke u\u017e od mal\u00e9ho veku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kritici z\u00e1konov o rodovej rovnosti tvrdia, \u017ee feminizmus sa stal hlavnou ideol\u00f3giou v boji rodovej rovnosti a z\u00e1kony s\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9 najm\u00e4 aby preferovali \u017eeny a diskriminovali mu\u017eov. K\u00fdm feminizmus bojuje vo\u010di patriarch\u00e1tu, konzervat\u00edvni maskulinisti veria, \u017ee patriarch\u00e1t je prirodzen\u00fdm a nevyhnutn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkom rozdielnosti pohlav\u00ed. Feministky svojou aktivitou vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u201eskryt\u00fd matriarch\u00e1t\u201c.[5]<\/a> Z ich poh\u013eadu je feministick\u00e9 hnutie vo\u010di maskulinizmu nepriate\u013esk\u00e9. Konzervat\u00edvni maskulinisti so svojimi ideami tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho patriarch\u00e1tu sa odvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa na hodnoty, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a prirodzen\u00e9 mu\u017esk\u00e9 prvenstvo, ktor\u00e9 bolo dan\u00e9 od Boha. Adam bol prv\u00fd \u010dlovek stvoren\u00fd na obraz Bo\u017e\u00ed. Eva bola stvoren\u00e1 z Adamovho rebra. \u017dena je druh\u00e1 v porad\u00ed. Konzervat\u00edvny<\/p>\n\n\n\n

maskulinizmus naz\u00fdvame aj ma\u010dizmus alebo najradik\u00e1lnej\u0161ia forma konzervat\u00edvneho maskulinizmu, mizog\u00fdnia. Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch sociol\u00f3gov konzervat\u00edvny maskulinizmus ako reak\u010dn\u00e9 hnutie vie by\u0165 a\u017e misog\u00fdnick\u00e9.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00fdm smerom je liber\u00e1lny maskulinizmus. Ten je pova\u017eovan\u00fd ako doplnok k feminizmu. M\u00e1 \u00eds\u0165 o \u201enov\u00fa mu\u017eskos\u0165\u201c. Toto hnutie novej mu\u017eskosti nevyzdvihuje mu\u017ea. Chce pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na jeho v\u00fdznam. Obe hnutia, maskulinizmus a feminizmus a aj ideol\u00f3gie sa sna\u017eia zmeni\u0165 nazeranie na rodov\u00e9 roly a nimi vyvolan\u00e9 rozdiely. Zaoberaj\u00fa sa oblas\u0165ami, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa znev\u00fdhodnen\u00ed mu\u017ei ako v \u00falohe rodi\u010da, v \u00falohe opatrovn\u00edka, v sektore zdravotn\u00edctva a vzdelania, na pracovnom trhu, v trestno-pr\u00e1vnom procese. Liber\u00e1lni maskulinisti sa vymedzuj\u00fa vo\u010di n\u00e1zorom radik\u00e1lneho feminizmu. Maskulinisti a feministky by mali by\u0165 prirodzen\u00fdmi spojencami proti spolo\u010dn\u00e9mu nepriate\u013eovi, ktor\u00fdm je sexizmus, a ten je \u0161kodliv\u00fd pre obe pohlavia. Rodov\u00ed rovnost\u00e1ri vyz\u00fdvaj\u00fa maskulinistov a feministky k zjednoteniu pod jednotn\u00fdm smerom hnutia rodovej rovnosti. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom by dok\u00e1zali dosiahnu\u0165 viac v boji za rodov\u00fa rovnos\u0165.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z maskulinistov, ktor\u00fd zasv\u00e4til \u017eivot sk\u00famaniu rodovej rovnosti a nerovnosti je doktor Warren Farrell. Pr\u00e1ve jeho publik\u00e1cia Krize chlapectv\u00ed (The Boy Crisis, 2018) podrobne vysvet\u013euje odvetvia, kde rodi\u010dia, u\u010ditelia a cel\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 zlyhali. Kniha je z\u00e1rove\u0148 formou odbornej pr\u00edru\u010dky obsahuj\u00facej aj rie\u0161enia ako kr\u00edzu na\u0161ich chlapcov rie\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feministick\u00fd maskulinista alebo maskulinistick\u00fd<\/strong> feminista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warren Farrell je americk\u00fd politol\u00f3g a politick\u00fd aktivista. Vo svojej vedeckej \u010dinnosti sa venuje najm\u00e4 problematike pohlavia a rovnosti mu\u017eov a \u017eien. Jeho publik\u00e1cie boli prelo\u017een\u00e9 do 17 jazykov. Po\u010das druhej vlny feminizmu bol jedn\u00fdm z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch akt\u00edvnych femistov, kedy vo svojich publik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch hovoril, \u017ee hlavn\u00fd probl\u00e9m sa nach\u00e1dza na strane mu\u017eov. V 90. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia sa miera rozvodovosti man\u017eelstiev rap\u00eddne zv\u00fd\u0161ila, n\u00e1sledkom \u010doho boli \u017eeny viac zv\u00fdhodnen\u00e9 v rozvodov\u00fdch konaniach, bola im priznan\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 o die\u0165a, ke\u010f\u017ee matka je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za hlavn\u00e9ho rodi\u010da. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00fdmito udalos\u0165ami Farrell prehodnotil svoj n\u00e1zor, ke\u010f\u017ee hlavn\u00fdm z\u00e1merom feminizmu sa namiesto boja o rovnopr\u00e1vnos\u0165 stal sk\u00f4r s\u00faboj o moc. Pr\u00e1ve term\u00edn pracuj\u00faca \u017eena a stagnuj\u00faca ekonomika v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed vytvorila s\u0165a\u017een\u00e9 podmienky pre mu\u017eov ako hlavn\u00fdch \u017eivite\u013eov rodiny, resp. platenie alimentov. To sp\u00f4sobilo, \u017ee otcovia sa rad\u0161ej odstrihli od svojej rodiny a z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov.[8]<\/a> Pr\u00e1ve Farrellova aktivita dala z\u00e1klady pre mu\u017esk\u00e9 oslobodzovacie hnutie.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farrell tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve \u017eensk\u00e1 sexu\u00e1lna sila je to, \u010do dod\u00e1va \u017een\u00e1m v\u00fdhody, ktor\u00e9 by mu\u017ei v akejko\u013evek inej spolo\u010dnosti nemali. Pr\u00e1ve postupnou zmenu nazerania na vz\u0165ah, rozvoj sex-culture, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia otvorenos\u0165 v int\u00edmnom \u017eivote a emancip\u00e1ciou \u017eien v tejto oblasti, sa zv\u00fd\u0161ilo mno\u017estvo sexu\u00e1lneho ob\u0165a\u017eovania a n\u00e1silia.[10]<\/a> Av\u0161ak, k\u00fdm \u017eeny s\u00fa st\u00e1le legislat\u00edvne chr\u00e1nen\u00e9, pri verzie p\u00e1chania sexu\u00e1lneho n\u00e1silia na mu\u017eoch sa dan\u00fd pr\u00edpad berie s ve\u013ekou neoh\u013eaduplnos\u0165ou. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm scen\u00e1rom je pr\u00edpad, kedy k sexu\u00e1lnemu styku je zhoda na oboch stran\u00e1ch, av\u0161ak po ukon\u010den\u00ed procesu sa \u017eeny vyjadria, \u017ee dan\u00fd styk nechceli a n\u00e1sledne mu\u017ei vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zo situ\u00e1cie s ob\u017ealobou zo zn\u00e1silnenia. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch existuje dogma, \u017ee \u017eeny neklam\u00fa a mu\u017e je vinn\u00fd zo zn\u00e1silnenia, bez akejko\u013evek v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej mo\u017enosti sa br\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kniha vykres\u013euje tradi\u010dn\u00e9 mu\u017esk\u00e9 role, ktor\u00e9 v dne\u0161nej spolo\u010dnosti nedovo\u013euj\u00fa mu\u017eom rozv\u00edja\u0165 nato\u013eko sam\u00fdch seba ako to dovo\u013euje feminizmus. Pr\u00e1ve z d\u00f4vodu ide\u00e1lnej postavy mu\u017ea ako hrdinu a bojovn\u00edka je od mal\u00e9ho veku mu\u017eom vt\u00edskan\u00e9 n\u00e1silie, \u010di u\u017e ako forma hra\u010diek, prevtelenie mal\u00e9ho chlapca do role vojaka bojuj\u00faceho a zab\u00edjaj\u00faceho, \u010do automaticky aj pon\u00edma o mu\u017eoch ako o zdroji n\u00e1silia.[11] <\/a>Maskulinisti nechc\u00fa aby existovala<\/p>\n\n\n\n

povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 povinnos\u0165. Nie je ich zavinen\u00edm, \u017ee sa narodili ako mu\u017ei. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 povinn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 povinnos\u0165 platiaca len pre mu\u017eov vytv\u00e1ra dojem, \u017ee mu\u017esk\u00fd \u017eivot je menejcennej\u0161\u00ed ako \u017eivot \u017eeny.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje dvojak\u00fd meter pri prejed\u00e1van\u00ed n\u00e1silia p\u00e1chan\u00e9ho na \u017een\u00e1ch a n\u00e1silia p\u00e1chan\u00e9ho na mu\u017eoch. V pr\u00edpade n\u00e1silia p\u00e1chan\u00e9ho na \u017eene maskulinisti poukazuj\u00fa na neprimeran\u00e9 tresty a ich \u201eautomatick\u00fa\u201c vinu, bez mo\u017enosti preuk\u00e1zania neviny. Ak sa rovnak\u00e9 n\u00e1silie p\u00e1cha na mu\u017eovi, neexistuje dostato\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vna ochrana pre obete n\u00e1silia. Upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na zobrazenie n\u00e1silia p\u00e1chan\u00e9ho na mu\u017eoch v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch. Je viac prijate\u013en\u00e9, ke\u010f vo filme zbije \u017eena mu\u017ea ako mu\u017e \u017eenu, pritom ide o rovnak\u00fd druh n\u00e1silia, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sob\u00ed ubl\u00ed\u017eenie na zdrav\u00ed a psychick\u00fa traumu. Pr\u00e1ve, n\u00e1silie p\u00e1chan\u00e9 na mu\u017eoch je v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch zobrazen\u00e9 ako humorn\u00e9 alebo s\u00fa mu\u017ei zobrazen\u00ed ako babr\u00e1ci a alkoholici. Ako rodi\u010d je mu\u017e vn\u00edman\u00fd ako ten druh\u00fd. Prv\u00e1 je matka. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee \u017eena sa rozhodne nepreru\u0161i\u0165 svoje tehotenstvo, aj napriek predo\u0161lej obojstrannej dohode o preru\u0161en\u00ed, n\u00fati a zav\u00e4zuje mu\u017eov k nechcen\u00fdm rodi\u010dovsk\u00fdm povinnostiam a n\u00e1slednej podpory matky a die\u0165a\u0165a. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee mu\u017ei odmietnu je na nich nazeran\u00e9 ako na nezodpovedn\u00fdch. Maskulinisti upozor\u0148uj\u00fa aj na opa\u010dn\u00fd scen\u00e1r, kedy mu\u017e chce by\u0165 otcom. Mu\u017ei nemaj\u00fa pr\u00e1vo rozhodova\u0165 o tehotenstve \u017eeny. V pr\u00edpade otehotnenia, kedy mu\u017e chce by\u0165 otcom, ale \u017eena nechce by\u0165 matkou, na mu\u017eovom n\u00e1zore nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Jemu neprin\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed posledn\u00e9 slovo v ot\u00e1zke tehotenstva. Neexistuje rovnos\u0165 v pr\u00e1vach na adopciu. \u0160t\u00e1ty umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa adopciu sk\u00f4r slobodn\u00fdm \u017een\u00e1m ako slobodn\u00fdm mu\u017eom.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kritika maskulinizmu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00e9 z probl\u00e9mov, na ktor\u00e9 poukazuj\u00fa maskulinisti ako du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie, ot\u00e1zka otcovstva s\u00fa rie\u0161en\u00e9 aj feministick\u00fdm hnut\u00edm. Kritika maskulinizmu tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee maskulinizmus kritizuje ve\u013ea \u010fal\u0161\u00edch filozofi\u00ed a najm\u00e4 feminizmus.[14]<\/a> Kritici spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa platnos\u0165 niektor\u00fdch maskulinistick\u00fdch n\u00e1zorov, ke\u010f\u017ee ani oni sami netoleruj\u00fa in\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, ktor\u00e9 nespadaj\u00fa pod ich koncept. Schopnos\u0165 odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 tieto nerovnosti zo spolo\u010dnosti spo\u010d\u00edva aj tak v mu\u017eoch. Pr\u00e1ve mu\u017ei s\u00fa t\u00ed, \u010do by mali prevzia\u0165 opraty nespokojnosti so svojou situ\u00e1ciou, tak ako to urobili \u017eeny svojou vlastnou \u010dinnos\u0165ou v priebehu rokov, alebo etnick\u00e9 men\u0161inov\u00e9 skupiny. Mu\u017ei by mali prehodnoti\u0165 ako s\u00fa ich soci\u00e1lne role definovan\u00e9 v spolo\u010dnosti a sna\u017ei\u0165 sa ich zmeni\u0165 politicko-pr\u00e1vnymi prostriedkami, nad ktor\u00fdmi maj\u00fa kontrolu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou oni. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k produkt\u00edvnemu dial\u00f3gu medzi t\u00fdmito perspekt\u00edvami je podporova\u0165 otvoren\u00e9 a \u00factiv\u00e9 rozhovory, ktor\u00e9 uzn\u00e1vaj\u00fa zlo\u017eitos\u0165 a \u0161irokospektr\u00e1lnos\u0165 rodov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok. Oba predsa \u0165ahaj\u00fa za ten ist\u00fd koniec – prekonanie stereotypn\u00e9ho nazerania na tradi\u010dn\u00e9 rodov\u00e9 role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Zdroje: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masculinism – Oxford Reference. [online] [cit. 6.6.2023]. K dispoz\u00edcii na: https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/display\/10.1093\/oi\/authority.20110803100138854;jsessionid=AF8E24DE0DBF91B2F6128B1F2BE27A1B<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BAIN, A. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography<\/em>. Elsevier Science, 2009. ISBN 978-0-08-044910-4 [online] [cit. 6.9.2023] K dispoz\u00edcii na: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/social-sciences\/masculinism<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Machismo. English meaning – Cambridge Dictionary. [online] [cit. 6.6.2023]. K dispoz\u00edcii na: https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/machismo<\/a>..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FARRELL, W., GRAY,J. Krize chlapectv\u00ed<\/em>. Praha: Pr\u00e1h, 2020. ISBN 9788072528394.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BLAKE, M. Mad Men: Inside the Men\u2019s Rights Movement and the Army of Misogynists and Trolls It Spawned. Mother Jones, [online] [cit. 6.6.2023]. K dispoz\u00edcii na: https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2015\/01\/warren-farrell-mens-rights-movement-feminism-misogyny-trolls\/<\/a>..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FARRELL, W.,  Gray, J. The Boy Crisis | Why Our Boys Are Struggling and What We Can Do About It. <\/em>[online] [cit. 6.6.2023].K dispoz\u00edcii na: https:\/\/boycrisis.org\/<\/a>..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BATES, L. Men going their own way: the rise of a toxic male separatist movement. [online] [cit. 6.6.2023] theguardian.com. K dispoz\u00edcii na: <\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/lifeandstyle\/2020\/aug\/26\/men-going-their-own-way-the-toxic-male-separatist-movement-that-is-now-mainstream<\/a>..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Maskulinizmus (Maskulizmus) je term\u00edn, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvame na ozna\u010denie r\u00f4znych vari\u00e1ci\u00ed soci\u00e1lneho, politick\u00e9ho a kult\u00farneho hnutia ako aj ideol\u00f3gie. Ide o s\u00fahrn mor\u00e1lnej filozofie, ktor\u00e1 je zalo\u017een\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na emp\u00edri\u00ed, teda sk\u00fasenostiach a pre\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed mu\u017eov. Pova\u017eujeme ho za mu\u017esk\u00fd n\u00e1protivok feminizmu. Je potrebn\u00e9 podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee v maskulinizme absentuje \u00farove\u0148 historickej a organizovanej obhajoby hnutia ako vo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analyzy"],"yoast_head":"\nMaskulinizmus \u2013 mu\u017esk\u00fd n\u00e1protivok feminizmu - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Maskulinizmus \u2013 mu\u017esk\u00fd n\u00e1protivok feminizmu - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Maskulinizmus (Maskulizmus) je term\u00edn, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvame na ozna\u010denie r\u00f4znych vari\u00e1ci\u00ed soci\u00e1lneho, politick\u00e9ho a kult\u00farneho hnutia ako aj ideol\u00f3gie. 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