{"id":590,"date":"2023-08-31T17:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-31T15:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=590"},"modified":"2023-08-31T17:19:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T15:19:36","slug":"zahranicna-politika-ruskej-federacie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=590","title":{"rendered":"Zahrani\u010dn\u00e1 politika Ruskej feder\u00e1cie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rusko ako koncept siaha do 9. storo\u010dia, ke\u010f bolo zdru\u017een\u00edm v\u00fdchodoslovansk\u00fdch kme\u0148ov pod n\u00e1zvom Kyjevsk\u00e1 Rus so s\u00eddlom v Kyjeve. V 13. storo\u010d\u00ed sa v\u0161ak tento \u0161t\u00e1tny \u00fatvar dost\u00e1va pod kontrolu Mongolska, v \u010do vy\u00fastil presun vl\u00e1dnucej dynastie k okoliu Moskvy. Moskovsk\u00e9 knie\u017eatstvo sa spod mongolskej nadvl\u00e1dy dost\u00e1va koncom 15. storo\u010dia, kedy sa na tr\u00f3n dost\u00e1va prv\u00fd rusk\u00fd c\u00e1r Ivan Hrozn\u00fd. Ten za\u010d\u00edna s konsolid\u00e1ciou moci jednotlivca a do praxe zaviedol te\u00f3riu \u00fatoku ako najlep\u0161ej obrany. Za jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch rusk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dcov je pova\u017eovan\u00fd Peter Ve\u013ek\u00fd, ktor\u00e9mu sa z Ruska v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed podarilo vybudova\u0165 svetov\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium. Katar\u00edna Ve\u013ek\u00e1 pokra\u010dovala v jeho zahrani\u010dnej politike, Rusko expandovalo smerom viac na z\u00e1pad s cie\u013eom vytvori\u0165 z monarchie v\u00fdznamn\u00fa eur\u00f3psku ve\u013emoc. Posledn\u00fdm rusk\u00fdm c\u00e1rom bol Mikul\u00e1\u0161 II., ktor\u00fd nebol schopn\u00fd reagova\u0165 na spolo\u010densk\u00e9 a svetov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, \u010do v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku priviedlo monarchiu k z\u00e1niku.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u013ek\u00e1 okt\u00f3brov\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 revol\u00facia veden\u00e1 bo\u013e\u0161evikom Vladim\u00edrom Leninom v roku 1917, pod zn\u00e1mym heslom \u201eProlet\u00e1ri v\u0161etk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn spojte sa!\u201c<\/em> znamenala definit\u00edvny koniec monarchistick\u00e9ho usporiadania a postupn\u00fd zrod ve\u013ek\u00e9ho a siln\u00e9ho Zv\u00e4zu sovietskych socialistick\u00fdch republ\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zv\u00e4z sovietskych socialistick\u00fdch republ\u00edk si pre\u0161iel nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi etapami v\u00fdvoja zahrani\u010dnej diplomacie. Prv\u00e1 etapa s\u00favis\u00ed so vznikom \u013eudov\u00e9ho komis\u00e1ra pre zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 veci a d\u00f4raz sa kl\u00e1dol najm\u00e4 na snahy o z\u00e1padn\u00e9 uznanie ZSSR. Za prvotn\u00fd \u00faspech zahrani\u010dnej politiky nov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu sa pova\u017euje roku 1924, kedy sa podarilo Moskve nadviaza\u0165 ofici\u00e1lne diplomatick\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s Talianskom, Franc\u00fazskom a Ve\u013ekou Brit\u00e1niou. Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 uznali ZSSR zo z\u00e1padn\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed ako posledn\u00e9, a to a\u017e v roku 1933. Po konci druhej svetovej vojny v roku 1945 sa ZSSR, ako ekonomicky zruinovan\u00e1 v\u00ed\u0165azn\u00e1 ve\u013emoc podie\u013eala na zalo\u017een\u00ed OSN s cie\u013eom zachovania mieru vo svete. \u010eal\u0161ie obdobie sa vyzna\u010duje bipol\u00e1rnym konfliktom medzi ZSSR a USA, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00e9ho sa s\u00faperilo o post svetov\u00e9ho hegem\u00f3na. Za koniec studenej vojny sa pova\u017euje summit l\u00eddrov ZSSR a USA na ostrove Malta 2. decembra 1989.[2]<\/a> Av\u0161ak postupn\u00e1 \u00fanava a sklamanie obyvate\u013estva, hodnotov\u00e1 a politick\u00e1 kr\u00edza prispela k postupn\u00e9mu z\u00e1niku Zv\u00e4zu sovietskych socialistick\u00fdch republ\u00edk v roku 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako sme u\u017e spom\u00ednali v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom odseku, Rusk\u00e1 feder\u00e1cia ako najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stupn\u00edcky \u0161t\u00e1t ZSSR a z\u00e1rove\u0148 rozlohou najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1t sveta mal po svojom vzniku zlo\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu, ktorou bola najm\u00e4 celkov\u00e1 obnova politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd v \u0161t\u00e1te fungoval od roku 1917.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Novovzniknut\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t na \u010dele s prv\u00fdm rusk\u00fdm prezidentom Borisom Je\u013ecinom sa musel koncom 90. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia vysporiada\u0165 najm\u00e4 s obrovskou spolo\u010denskou a hospod\u00e1rskou kr\u00edzou, slabou \u00fastrednou vl\u00e1dou a ve\u013ek\u00fdm vplyvom rusk\u00fdch oligarchov. Ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed RF dostalo za \u00falohu vypracova\u0165 dokument pod n\u00e1zvom Koncepcia zahrani\u010dnej politiky Ruskej feder\u00e1cie<\/em>, v ktorom sa bude definova\u0165 postavenie Ruskej feder\u00e1cie v medzin\u00e1rodnom syst\u00e9me. Vlastn\u00fa koncepciu zahrani\u010dnej koncepcie prijal novozvolen\u00fd prezident Vladim\u00edr Putin v roku 2000, ktor\u00e1 sa v priebehu rokov viackr\u00e1t novelizovala.[3]<\/a> Najnov\u0161ia verzia, ktorej sa budeme nesk\u00f4r venova\u0165, bola prijat\u00e1 rok od za\u010diatku vojny na Ukrajine, teda koncom marca 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzh\u013eadom na svoju bohat\u00fa hist\u00f3riu a trad\u00edciu sa na za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia za\u010d\u00edna formova\u0165 nov\u00fd koncept ruskej zahrani\u010dnej politiky, ktor\u00fd za\u010d\u00edna s d\u00f4raznej\u0161\u00edm presadzovan\u00edm vlastn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmov. Nov\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia ruskej vl\u00e1dnucej elity pochopila, \u017ee u\u017e to nie je vojensk\u00e1 sila, ktor\u00e1 bola z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm atrib\u00fatom v s\u00faboji ve\u013emoc\u00ed v studenej vojne, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm sila ekonomick\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 predur\u010duje silu \u0161t\u00e1tu v 21. storo\u010d\u00ed. Rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v roku 2003 prijala Energetick\u00fa strat\u00e9giu Ruska <\/em>do roku 2020, v ktorej sa uv\u00e1dza: \u201eRusko disponuje ve\u013ek\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami energetick\u00fdch surov\u00edn a obrovsk\u00fdm palivo-energetick\u00fdm komplexom, ktor\u00fd predstavuje z\u00e1klad rozvoja ekonomiky a n\u00e1stroj realiz\u00e1cie vn\u00fatornej i zahrani\u010dnej politiky… Na\u0161\u00edm cie\u013eom je \u010do najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie vyu\u017ei\u0165 tieto zdroje.\u201c<\/em>[4]<\/a> <\/em>Dovol\u00edme si tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee sa za dvadsa\u0165 rokov podarilo rusk\u00fdm politikom tieto zdroje naplno vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165, \u010doho v\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti patr\u00ed RF jeden\u00e1sta prie\u010dka najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch ekonom\u00edk sveta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Administrat\u00edvy b\u00fdval\u00fdch americk\u00fdch prezidentov Billa Clintona a Georga W. Busha sa vydali cestou roz\u0161irovania NATO smerom na z\u00e1pad, pri\u010dom sa sna\u017eili presvied\u010da\u0165 rusk\u00fdch politikov, \u017ee pribli\u017eovanie cudz\u00edch vojsk k ich hraniciam pre nich nepredstavuje \u017eiadne bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 riziko.[5]<\/a> RF sa v\u010faka tomuto roz\u0161irovaniu Severoatlantickej aliancie smerom k jeho hraniciam c\u00edti by\u0165 ohrozen\u00e1, ke\u010f\u017ee za posledn\u00fdch 500 rokov bolo Rusko napadnut\u00e9 hne\u010f nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t. V roku 1605 ich napadli Poliaci, nesk\u00f4r v roku 1708 \u0160v\u00e9di, za ktor\u00fdmi v roku 1812 nasledovali Franc\u00fazi pod veden\u00edm Napoleona. Nemci sa pok\u00fa\u0161ali dobi\u0165 rusk\u00e9 \u00fazemie v rokoch 1914 a 1945, no ne\u00faspe\u0161ne. V priemere tak bojovali Rusi na Severoeur\u00f3pskej n\u00ed\u017eine ka\u017ed\u00fdch tridsa\u0165 a\u017e tridsa\u0165p\u00e4\u0165 rokov.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea viacer\u00fdch autorov sa rusk\u00e9 vedenie domnieva, \u017ee Z\u00e1pad m\u00e1 amb\u00edcie z\u00edska\u0165 pod svoj zahrani\u010dno-politick\u00fd vplyv \u010fal\u0161ie a \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00e1ty a sta\u0165 sa tak dominantn\u00fdm prvkom v unipol\u00e1rnom usporiadan\u00ed sveta. Z\u00e1padn\u00fd vplyv sa roz\u0161iroval do mal\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov v\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3py a\u017e pr\u00edli\u0161 hladko. Na ruskej strane sa v\u0161ak stup\u0148oval odpor vo\u010di Z\u00e1padu s prib\u00fadaj\u00facimi pl\u00e1nmi za\u010dlenen\u00edm Ukrajiny do z\u00e1padn\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far. RF pova\u017euje vstup Ukrajiny do NATO za absol\u00fatne neakceptovate\u013en\u00fd a \u00fapln\u00e9 prekro\u010denie \u010dervenej \u010diary. Rusk\u00fd spisovate\u013e Alexander Lukin vo svojej knihe Rusko a \u010c\u00edna: nov\u00e9 zbl\u00ed\u017eenie<\/em> uv\u00e1dza hne\u010f nieko\u013eko d\u00f4vodov pre opr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 obavy. Pod\u013ea jeho n\u00e1zoru nie RF, ale Z\u00e1pad zni\u010dil po rozpade ZSSR pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 vytvorenia nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu glob\u00e1lnej politiky, zalo\u017eenej na medzin\u00e1rodnom pr\u00e1ve. Nie RF, ale Z\u00e1pad vyu\u017eil svoje do\u010dasn\u00e9 siln\u00e9 postavenie k naru\u0161eniu celistvosti hran\u00edc slab\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1tov a poru\u0161il t\u00fdm platn\u00e9 zmluvy. Nie RF, ale Z\u00e1pad z\u00e1merne rozvr\u00e1til povojnov\u00fd pr\u00e1vny poriadok, ktor\u00fd bol zalo\u017een\u00fd na suverenite \u0161t\u00e1tov. Nie RF, ale Z\u00e1pad vyv\u00edjal tlak na Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd s\u00fadny dvor, aby rozhodol, \u017ee jednostrann\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1senie nez\u00e1vislosti Kosova nie je poru\u0161en\u00edm medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Rusk\u00e1 feder\u00e1cia sa opakovane vyhradzovala a varovala, \u017ee odtrhnutie Kosova od Srbska, vojensk\u00e9 akcie v Iraku a L\u00edbyi \u010di bombardovanie Juhosl\u00e1vie podkop\u00e1vaj\u00fa medzin\u00e1rodne platn\u00fd pr\u00e1vny poriadok. Zmenu v aplikovan\u00ed zahrani\u010dnej politiky RF priniesol predov\u0161etk\u00fdm rok 2014, kedy do\u0161lo k rusk\u00e9mu anektovaniu ukrajinsk\u00e9ho polostrova Krym. RF t\u00fdmto krokom dala svetu jasne najavo, \u017ee u\u017e \u010falej odmieta dodr\u017eiava\u0165 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1. Z\u00e1pad tento krok jasne odmietol a pova\u017euje to za v\u00e1\u017ene poru\u0161enie \u00fazemnej celistvosti a nedotknute\u013enosti hran\u00edc zakotven\u00fdch v Helsinsk\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch.[7]<\/a> Na z\u00e1klade uveden\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017eeme skon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee predstavitelia ruskej strany maj\u00fa hne\u010f nieko\u013eko re\u00e1lnych d\u00f4vodov na to ak tvrdia, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade Krymu je to len povrchn\u00e9 pokrytectvo Z\u00e1padu. Od roku 2014 sa st\u00e1va v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm rysom zahrani\u010dnej a bezpe\u010dnostnej politiky RF predov\u0161etk\u00fdm orient\u00e1cia na politiku, v ktorej prevl\u00e1daj\u00fa n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy nad princ\u00edpmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak sa vr\u00e1time k zahrani\u010dno-politickej koncepcii Ruskej feder\u00e1cie novelizovanej v roku 2013, n\u00e1jdeme v nej viacero d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch poznatkov. Opakovan\u00fdm prvkom, ktor\u00fd obsahovali aj predo\u0161l\u00e9 prijat\u00e9 koncepcie, je snaha o vytvorenie multipol\u00e1rneho usporiadania sveta, ako \u017eiad\u00faci model medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho poriadku. D\u00f4raz sa kladie na suverenitu RF a pripom\u00edna jeho siln\u00fd mocensk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Koncepcia z roku 2013 vn\u00edma Z\u00e1pad ako zdroj zvy\u0161uj\u00facej sa nestability v medzin\u00e1rodnom prostred\u00ed a obvi\u0148uje ho zo zasahovania do vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed suver\u00e9nnych \u0161t\u00e1tov. RF v tomto dokumente vyjadrila z\u00e1porn\u00fd postoj k roz\u0161irovaniu Severoatlantickej aliancie a ozna\u010dila to za hlavn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 riziko pre Rusk\u00fa feder\u00e1ciu.[8]<\/a> Noveliz\u00e1ciu tohto z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho dokumentu, ktor\u00fd ur\u010duje smerovanie zahrani\u010dnej politiku \u0161t\u00e1tu, svoj\u00edm podpisom schv\u00e1lil rusk\u00fd prezident Vladim\u00edr Putin v roku 2016. RF na z\u00e1klade tejto noveliz\u00e1cie st\u00e1le pova\u017euje roz\u0161irovanie \u0161trukt\u00far NATO smerom na v\u00fdchod za hlavn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa hrozbu, no pod\u013ea ruskej diplomacie je hrozba vojny svetov\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed n\u00edzka. Pod\u013ea spr\u00e1vy sa v\u0161ak zv\u00fd\u0161ili rizik\u00e1 vzniku region\u00e1lnych konfliktov, do ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zapojen\u00e9 svetov\u00e9 mocnosti. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa v dokumente p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee Rusk\u00e1 feder\u00e1cia m\u00e1 z\u00e1ujem o rozvoj vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov zalo\u017een\u00fdch na z\u00e1klade rovnosti.[9]<\/a> Je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia novelizovan\u00e1 v roku 2016 predpokladala dne\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdvoj na Ukrajine. T\u00e1to vojna v\u0161ak u\u017e nepredstavuje len region\u00e1lny konflikt, ale jej v\u00fdsledok z\u00e1vis\u00ed na rozhodnutiach \u0161t\u00e1tov cel\u00e9ho sveta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po roku vojny na Ukrajine prich\u00e1dza RF s novou, 42-stranovou Koncepciou zahrani\u010dnej politiky Ruskej feder\u00e1cie<\/em>. Po jej schv\u00e1len\u00ed d\u0148a 31.3.2023 rusk\u00fd prezident Vladim\u00edr Putin uviedol, \u017ee \u201ekoncepciu bolo nevyhnutn\u00e9 pozmeni\u0165, v d\u00f4sledku radik\u00e1lnych zmien vo svete… aktualizovan\u00e1 koncepcia predstavuje z\u00e1klad pre nasleduj\u00face obdobie Ruska na medzin\u00e1rodnej sc\u00e9ne.\u201c<\/em>[10]<\/a> <\/em>Pod\u013ea rusk\u00e9ho ministra zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed Sergeja Lavrova je hlavnou \u00falohou novej ruskej zahrani\u010dnej politiky nastolenie multipol\u00e1rneho svetov\u00e9ho poriadku s d\u00f4razom na rovnos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee vo\u010di Ruskej feder\u00e1cii je veden\u00fd nov\u00fd druh hybridnej vojny Z\u00e1padu, ktor\u00fd sa sna\u017e\u00ed oslabi\u0165 RF v ka\u017edom mo\u017enom smere.  Pod\u013ea jeho slov je v koncepte vysvetlen\u00e1 v\u00edzia vytvorenia vyv\u00e1\u017eenej\u0161ieho a spravodlivej\u0161ieho svetov\u00e9ho poriadku.[11]<\/a> Samotn\u00fd dokument ozna\u010duje \u010c\u013dR a Indiu za svojich hlavn\u00fdch spojencov na medzin\u00e1rodnej sc\u00e9ne, pri\u010dom zd\u00f4raznil d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 prehlbovania v\u00e4zieb a koordin\u00e1ciu s priate\u013esk\u00fdmi a suver\u00e9nnymi centrami moci na euro\u00e1zijskom kontinente. Strategick\u00e9 partnerstvo s Indiou je pod\u013ea ruskej strany zalo\u017een\u00e9 na viacer\u00fdch stabiln\u00fdch pilieroch \u2013 politika, obrana, spolupr\u00e1ca v boji proti terorizmu a spolupr\u00e1ca vo vesm\u00edre i energetike. \u201eRF bude pokra\u010dova\u0165 v budovan\u00ed strategick\u00e9ho partnerstva s Indickou republikou s cie\u013eom posilni\u0165 a roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 spolupr\u00e1cu vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 v\u00fdhodn\u00fdch oblastiach.\u201c<\/em>[12]<\/a> <\/em>K\u00fdm v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich strategick\u00fdch dokumentoch ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed Ruskej feder\u00e1cie predstavovalo pre RF hlavn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 riziko roz\u0161irovanie NATO smerom na v\u00fdchod, tak v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti s\u00fa u\u017e za najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu hrozbu pre Rusk\u00fa feder\u00e1ciu ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 vyslovene Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] MARSHALL T.: V zajat\u00ed geografie.<\/em> Premedia 2017, s. 20-21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] KREJ\u010c\u00cd O.: Geopolitika Ruska<\/em>. Praha: Professional Publishing 2017, s. 183-223.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] KREJ\u010c\u00cd O.: Geopolitika Ruska<\/em>. Praha: Professional Publishing 2017, s. 370.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] ERSHOV Y.A.: Energetick\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia Ruska do roku 2020: plusy a m\u00ednusy novej energetickej strat\u00e9gie Ruskej feder\u00e1cie.<\/em> [online], [cit.2004]. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <https:\/\/iq.hse.ru\/news\/177844267.html<\/a>>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] LUKIN A.: \u010c\u00edna a Rusko: nov\u00e9 sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/em> Praha: Filosofia 2021, s. 38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] MARSHALL T.: V zajat\u00ed geografie. Premedia 2017, s. 19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] LUKIN A.: \u010c\u00edna a Rusko: nov\u00e9 sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/em> Praha: Filosofia 2021, s. 37-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] RODKIEWICZ W.: The Russian Federation \u00b4s foreign policy concept.<\/em> [online], [cit. 20\/12\/2013]. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/en\/publikacje\/analyses\/2013-02-20\/russian-federations-foreign-policy-concept<\/a>>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9] Dekr\u00e9t prezidenta Ruskej feder\u00e1cie z d\u0148a 30.11.2016 \u010d\u00edslo 640. [online]. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <http:\/\/www.kremlin.ru\/ acts\/ bank\/41451<\/a>>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10] Global changes lead to revisions of Russian foreign policy concept \u2013 Putin.<\/em> [online], [cit. 31\/03\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <https:\/\/tass.com\/politics\/1597385<\/a>>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11] Russia \u00b4s new foreign policy concept stresses equality of countries \u2013 Lavrov.<\/em> [online], [cit. 31\/03\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <https:\/\/tass.com\/politics\/1597831<\/a>>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12] Koncepcia zahrani\u010dnej politiky Ruskej feder\u00e1cie<\/em>. [online], [cit. 31\/03\/2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na: <http:\/\/kremlin.ru\/ events\/president\/news\/70811<\/a>>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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