{"id":573,"date":"2023-07-31T21:21:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T19:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=573"},"modified":"2023-07-31T20:50:13","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T18:50:13","slug":"budovanie-klimaticky-spravodlivej-spolocnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=573","title":{"rendered":"Budovanie klimaticky spravodlivej spolo\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Korene klimatickej zmeny zapr\u00ed\u010dinenej \u013eudskou \u010dinnos\u0165ou najm\u00e4 v s\u00favislosti s ekonomick\u00fdmi aktivitami, siahaj\u00fa do obdobia priemyselnej revol\u00facie. V\u00fdznamn\u00fa z\u00e1vislos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed na vy\u010derpate\u013en\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojoch sa n\u00e1m dodnes nepodarilo prekona\u0165, \u010do okrem in\u00fdch negat\u00edvnych dopadov na kvalitu zdravia \u013eud\u00ed a pr\u00edrody, sp\u00f4sobuje aj neschopnos\u0165 samoregener\u00e1cie pr\u00edrody. Prejavy zmien, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa ako d\u00f4sledok nadmernej produkcie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, s\u00fa sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 aj naru\u0161en\u00edm prirodzen\u00fdch biotopov, extr\u00e9mnymi v\u00fdkyvmi po\u010dasia, degrad\u00e1ciou p\u00f4dy, mas\u00edvnym odles\u0148ovan\u00edm, zne\u010dis\u0165ovan\u00edm a nadmernou produkciou emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, dnes dok\u00e1\u017eeme v rozdielnych intenzit\u00e1ch pozorova\u0165 na celom svete, \u010do n\u00e1m prezr\u00e1dza nevyvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00fa komplexnos\u0165 tohto javu. Javy, ak\u00fdm je aj klimatick\u00e1 migr\u00e1cia dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee t\u00e1to kr\u00edza stiera hranice a aj ke\u010f sa najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a najdrastickej\u0161ie prejavuje a eskaluje pr\u00e1ve v oblasti glob\u00e1lneho juhu, viac\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 negat\u00edvne dopady \u010doskoro poc\u00edti zvy\u0161ok sveta.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Ot\u00e1zka toho, \u010di je mo\u017en\u00e9 odvr\u00e1ti\u0165 klimatick\u00fa kr\u00edzu, je dnes pas\u00e9. Podstatn\u00e1 je ot\u00e1zka potreby radik\u00e1lnych a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch zmien, adapt\u00e1cie a ambici\u00f3znej politickej v\u00edzie. To, ako by mali vyzera\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zmeny, dok\u00e1\u017eeme odvodi\u0165 z identifik\u00e1cie pr\u00ed\u010din, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s priviedli do s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho, nezvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00e9ho stavu. Dejiny \u013eudstva s\u00fa z\u00e1rove\u0148 dejinami neut\u00edchaj\u00facej snahy o jeho pre\u017eitie. Neistota v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch podmienkach prin\u00fatila \u013eud\u00ed nach\u00e1dza\u0165 nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby vyu\u017e\u00edvania pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov v ich prospech. Ustavi\u010dn\u00e9 snahy o vymedzenie v\u00fdsostn\u00e9ho postavenia \u010dloveka v pr\u00edrode sa n\u00e1m v\u0161ak nakoniec stan\u00fa osudn\u00fdmi. \u013dudstvo si technologick\u00fdm pokrokom pr\u00edrodu \u00faplne podmanilo, \u010do sp\u00f4sobilo dne\u0161n\u00fd stav, v ktorom sa osud plan\u00e9ty ocitol v ruk\u00e1ch toho, ktor\u00fd ju zni\u010dil. Prijatie zodpovednosti by preto malo by\u0165 nevyhnutn\u00fdm krokom, potrebn\u00fdm k rie\u0161eniu kr\u00edzovej situ\u00e1cie. Kto by v\u0161ak mal prija\u0165 t\u00fato zodpovednos\u0165? M\u00f4\u017eeme jednozna\u010dne odpoveda\u0165, \u017ee t\u00fato zodpovednos\u0165 musia prija\u0165 t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed disponuj\u00fa patri\u010dnou mocou zmeni\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v ktorom maximaliz\u00e1cia zisku p\u00e1r jednotlivcov predbieha z\u00e1ujmy plan\u00e9ty. Je v\u0161ak jedno percento el\u00edt ochotn\u00fdch prija\u0165 svoju mieru zodpovednosti, ak dok\u00e1\u017eeme nevyvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00fa spojitos\u0165 medzi generovan\u00edm profitu a klimatickou nespravodlivos\u0165ou?[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syst\u00e9m, v ktorom je cel\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od pr\u00edstupu k nerastn\u00fdm surovin\u00e1m a nadprodukcie, nedr\u017e\u00edme pri \u017eivote v\u0161etci rovnako, ako by n\u00e1s mohli presved\u010di\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 greenwashingov\u00e9 kampane. Ak je na\u0161\u00edm cie\u013eom dosiahnutie syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch zmien, rovnako ako prijatie zodpovednosti za s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav, nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 opomen\u00fa\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd krok v tejto transform\u00e1cii, ktor\u00fdm je odstra\u0148ovanie nerovnost\u00ed. Nerovnos\u0165 v pr\u00edstupe ku zdrojom je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pre udr\u017eanie aktu\u00e1lneho de\u0161trukt\u00edvneho syst\u00e9mu, no pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 je aj pri zn\u00e1\u0161an\u00ed negat\u00edvnych environment\u00e1lnych dopadov. M\u00e1me t\u00fdm na mysli to, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve nerovnos\u0165 v pr\u00edstupe ku zdrojom a prostriedkom sp\u00f4sobila, \u017ee sa \u0161t\u00e1tom glob\u00e1lnemu severu dar\u00ed udr\u017ea\u0165 si nad\u0161tandardn\u00e9 pohodlie a \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl, pri\u010dom \u0161t\u00e1ty glob\u00e1lneho juhu z\u00e1pasia s chudobou a nestabilitou. Sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota glob\u00e1lneho severu nem\u00e1 za cenu \u201eiba\u201c poru\u0161ovanie \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a drancovanie pr\u00edrody v prospech dynamick\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt a maximaliz\u00e1cie profitu jedn\u00e9ho percenta el\u00edt, ale prejavuje sa aj t\u00fdm, \u017ee produkcia sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov je  tu mnohon\u00e1sobne vy\u0161\u0161ia v porovnan\u00ed s chudobn\u00fdmi regi\u00f3nmi. Prehlbuj\u00faca sa ekonomick\u00e1 nerovnos\u0165 sa prejav\u00ed aj pri poci\u0165ovan\u00ed d\u00f4sledkov klimatickej kr\u00edzy. Vy\u010derp\u00e1van\u00edm zdrojov a degrad\u00e1ciou p\u00f4dy sa dost\u00e1vame k zdra\u017eovaniu produktov, energi\u00ed, liekov a potrav\u00edn, \u010do sp\u00f4sob\u00ed neschopnos\u0165 zadov\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 si z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 potreby a vy\u017eenie mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed na hranicu chudoby. Odstr\u00e1nenie nerovnost\u00ed je teda esenci\u00e1lnou zlo\u017ekou klimaticky spravodlivej transform\u00e1cie syst\u00e9mu.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako sme si u\u017e nazna\u010dili, probl\u00e9my a rie\u0161enia v oblasti ekol\u00f3gie, \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a pr\u00edrody ako takej, s\u00fa neodmyslite\u013ene spojen\u00e9 s politikou a mocou. Komplexn\u00e9 uchopenie politickej ekol\u00f3gie nach\u00e1dzame u Andr\u00e9 Gorza. V\u00fdznamn\u00fd soci\u00e1lny filozof 70-tych rokov 20. storo\u010dia Andr\u00e9 Gorz je ozna\u010dovan\u00fd za zakladate\u013ea politickej ekol\u00f3gie. Z\u00e1kladnou premisou politickej ekol\u00f3gie je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee nadvl\u00e1da \u010dloveka nad pr\u00edrodou je nevyhnutne spojen\u00e1 s nadvl\u00e1dou \u010dloveka nad in\u00fdm \u010dlovekom.[4]<\/a> Nespravodliv\u00e9 prerozde\u013eovanie pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov stoj\u00ed za ochudob\u0148ovan\u00edm na jednej strane, a kumul\u00e1ciou zdrojov a v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch prostriedkov na strane druhej. Pr\u00e1ve tento mocensk\u00fd aspekt je v te\u00f3rii politickej ekol\u00f3gie ve\u013ek\u00fdm pr\u00ednosom, ke\u010f\u017ee prin\u00e1\u0161a mo\u017enos\u0165 ch\u00e1pania ekol\u00f3gie nielen vedeck\u00fdm a d\u00e1tov\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom, ale aj ako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho mocensk\u00e9ho a politick\u00e9ho boja. Syst\u00e9m, v ktorom tento boj prebieha, je pln\u00fd protire\u010den\u00ed. V konzumnom svete nekone\u010dn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed sa nakoniec st\u00e1vame neslobodn\u00fdmi. T\u00fato neslobodu sp\u00f4sobuje na\u0161a jednostrann\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od toho, \u010do niekto in\u00fd zvolil a predur\u010dil za n\u00e1s. Il\u00fazia v\u00fdberu nar\u00e1\u017ea na nezmierite\u013en\u00fa realitu, ktor\u00e1 hovor\u00ed, \u017ee budovanie lep\u0161ieho sveta nie je na\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou, lebo negeneruje profit. Jadro tohto syst\u00e9mu je skostnaten\u00e9 a neprip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a zmenu v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdch princ\u00edpov, \u010d\u00edm od\u010fa\u013euje priebeh potrebn\u00fdch zmien.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eame o slobode \u010dloveka ako o stavebnom pilieri modern\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eeme sa takisto zamyslie\u0165, ako slobodn\u00fd je v syst\u00e9me, v ktorom je takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd aspekt a vz\u0165ah podriaden\u00fd ekonomick\u00fdm z\u00e1ujmom el\u00edt. Ist\u00fa formu slobody si modern\u00ed \u013eudia boli schopn\u00ed zabezpe\u010di\u0165 technologick\u00fdm pokrokom a masovou produkciou. Je to preto, \u017ee na\u0161a sloboda sa odv\u00edja od materi\u00e1lnych podmienok, v ktor\u00fdch sa nach\u00e1dzame. Hovor\u00edme v\u0161ak naozaj o na\u0161ej nekone\u010dnej slobode v\u00fdberu, ktor\u00fa n\u00e1m s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m zabezpe\u010duje, alebo len o ved\u013eaj\u0161om produkte technologick\u00e9ho pokroku a nadprodukcie? A ak si dnes dok\u00e1\u017eeme v\u010faka technologick\u00e9mu pokroku vybra\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek auto, no nedok\u00e1\u017eeme si vybra\u0165 svet bez \u00e1ut?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takto sa dost\u00e1vame k z\u00e1vere\u010dnej ot\u00e1zke \u2013 existuje lep\u0161ia, spravodlivej\u0161ia a udr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161ia alternat\u00edva k aktu\u00e1lnemu stavu? A ak \u00e1no, na ak\u00fdch z\u00e1kladoch by mala by\u0165 zalo\u017een\u00e1? Technologick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia kr\u00edzy s\u00fa toti\u017e neposta\u010duj\u00face a pomerne \u010dasto odtrhnut\u00e9 od reality (napr\u00edklad celoplo\u0161n\u00fd prechod na elektromobily \u010di zelen\u00fd rast), ke\u010f\u017ee ani t\u00e1to produkcia nedok\u00e1\u017ee by\u0165 udr\u017eate\u013enou. Pri hlb\u0161ej anal\u00fdze \u013eahko dospejeme k z\u00e1verom, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 z pon\u00fakan\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed zelenej tranz\u00edcie nie s\u00fa \u00fapln\u00e9 zelen\u00e9. Pre komplexn\u00fa transform\u00e1ciu spolo\u010dnosti bude toti\u017e potrebn\u00e9 budovanie novej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, budov \u010di energetick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 uskuto\u010dni\u0165 bez ak\u00fdchko\u013evek emisi\u00ed.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liter\u00e1rny kritik a filozof Fredric Jameson raz povedal, \u017ee je \u013eah\u0161ie si predstavi\u0165 koniec sveta, ne\u017e si predstavi\u0165 koniec kapitalizmu. U mnoh\u00fdch n\u00e1jdeme politick\u00fa imagin\u00e1ciu nato\u013eko zredukovan\u00fa, \u017ee je pre nich naozaj nemo\u017en\u00e9 predstavi\u0165 si in\u00e9 nastavenie spolo\u010dnosti ako to, v ktorom nieko\u013eko jednotlivcov parazituje na pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojoch a lacnej pracovnej sile. Spr\u00e1vne nastavenie ekonomick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je v\u0161ak esenci\u00e1lne pre klimatick\u00fa udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165. Produkcia a konzum s\u00fa neoddelite\u013en\u00e9 od pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00e1 predstavuje ur\u010duj\u00faci faktor sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota a vyu\u017e\u00edvania zdrojov. Je to pr\u00e1ve pr\u00e1ca, v ktorej tr\u00e1vime v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu na\u0161ich \u017eivotov. Nie je preto prekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee pri tak komplexnej tranz\u00edcii bude potrebn\u00e1 aj redefin\u00edcia \u013eudskej pr\u00e1ce. Ak preto hovor\u00edme o potrebe syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch zmien, m\u00e1me t\u00fdm na mysli radik\u00e1lne zmeny v sp\u00f4sobe \u017eivota, ako ho pozn\u00e1me dnes. Vytv\u00e1ranie tlaku na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zmeny a hlasy ekologick\u00fdch aktivistov v\u0161ak ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa zo strany politick\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch el\u00edt \u00faspe\u0161ne d\u00e9monizovan\u00e9 \u010di ignorovan\u00e9, v hor\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch s\u00fa zneu\u017eit\u00ed na greenwashingov\u00e9 kampane korpor\u00e1tnych magn\u00e1tov a politikov. Spolieha\u0165 sa v\u0161ak na ochotu sebareflexie el\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 zo syst\u00e9mu profituj\u00fa najviac, dlhodobo nevedie k potrebn\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m. Aj z t\u00fdchto d\u00f4vodov by sme mali ochranu pr\u00edrody vn\u00edma\u0165 ako neust\u00e1ly boj o pr\u00e1va pr\u00edrody, ktor\u00e1 svoj hlas nem\u00e1. Konzumn\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165, mas\u00edvna v\u00fdroba, hospod\u00e1rsky rast a kapitalistick\u00fd syst\u00e9m s\u00fa nezlu\u010dite\u013en\u00e9 s udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165ou \u2013 to je t\u00e9za, z ktorej je potrebn\u00e9 vych\u00e1dza\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak v bud\u00facnosti existuje zdrav\u0161\u00ed, zmysluplnej\u0161\u00ed a klimaticky spravodliv\u00fd syst\u00e9m, mus\u00ed ho charakterizova\u0165 spomalenie ako produkcie, tak aj n\u00e1\u0161ho doteraj\u0161ieho sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota. Menej produkcie z\u00e1rove\u0148 znamen\u00e1 menej pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00fa bud\u00fa \u013eudia vykon\u00e1va\u0165, \u010do v\u00fdrazne prospeje aj k budovaniu s\u00fadr\u017enej\u0161\u00edch vz\u0165ahov a komun\u00edt. \u010eal\u0161ou \u010drtou je zmena uva\u017eovania, transform\u00e1cia n\u00e1\u0161ho vz\u0165ahu vo\u010di pr\u00edrode. Ochrana pr\u00edrody by sa mala sta\u0165 prioritou samou o sebe, nielen pre \u00fa\u010dely \u010dloveka. Soci\u00e1lne vz\u0165ahy a v\u00e4zby takisto prejd\u00fa nevyhnutnou transform\u00e1ciou s d\u00f4razom na odstra\u0148ovanie ekonomick\u00fdch nerovnost\u00ed. Zelen\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy teda existuj\u00fa, s\u00fa \u017eiv\u00e9 a s\u00fa na\u0161ou jedinou mo\u017enos\u0165ou, ak sa cie\u013eom \u013eudstva stane snaha o pre\u017eitie a prebudovania n\u00e1\u0161ho vz\u0165ahu s pr\u00edrodou a komunitou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] NSW Government: Causes of climate change.<\/em> [online], [cit.20 \/5\/2023] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<https:\/\/www.climatechange.environment.nsw.gov.au\/causes-climate-change>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] MATTHIAS, M.: What Did We Call America\u2019s Elite Before the \u201c1 Percent\u201d<\/em>?.  [online], [cit.20 \/5\/2023] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/story\/what-did-we-call-americas-elite-before-the-1-percent>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] Generation Climate Europe: Global North and Global South: How Climate Change Uncovers Global Inequalities<\/em>. 10. m\u00e1j 2022 [online], [cit.19 \/5\/2023] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete:  <https:\/\/gceurope.org\/global-north-and-global-south-how-climate-change-uncovers-global-inequalities\/>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] TURNER, CH.: Andr\u00e9 Gorz<\/em>. 7. november 2007 [online], [cit.19 \/5\/2023] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete:  <https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/2007\/nov\/07\/guardianobituaries.obituaries>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] GORZ, A: Political ecology: Expertocracy versus self-limitation.<\/em> [online], [cit.20 \/5\/2023] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete:  <https:\/\/newleftreview.org\/issues\/i202\/articles\/andre-gorz-political-ecology-expertocracy-versus-self-limitation>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] GALLAGHER, K.: The Paradox of the Green Transition<\/em>. 18. marec 2023 [online], [cit.19 \/5\/2023]Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.oecd-forum.org\/posts\/the-paradox-of-the-green-transition-or-stuck-between-a-rock-and-a-hard-place>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Korene klimatickej zmeny zapr\u00ed\u010dinenej \u013eudskou \u010dinnos\u0165ou najm\u00e4 v s\u00favislosti s ekonomick\u00fdmi aktivitami, siahaj\u00fa do obdobia priemyselnej revol\u00facie. V\u00fdznamn\u00fa z\u00e1vislos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed na vy\u010derpate\u013en\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojoch sa n\u00e1m dodnes nepodarilo prekona\u0165, \u010do okrem in\u00fdch negat\u00edvnych dopadov na kvalitu zdravia \u013eud\u00ed a pr\u00edrody, sp\u00f4sobuje aj neschopnos\u0165 samoregener\u00e1cie pr\u00edrody. Prejavy zmien, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa ako d\u00f4sledok nadmernej produkcie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eseje"],"yoast_head":"\nBudovanie klimaticky spravodlivej spolo\u010dnosti - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=573\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Budovanie klimaticky spravodlivej spolo\u010dnosti - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Korene klimatickej zmeny zapr\u00ed\u010dinenej \u013eudskou \u010dinnos\u0165ou najm\u00e4 v s\u00favislosti s ekonomick\u00fdmi aktivitami, siahaj\u00fa do obdobia priemyselnej revol\u00facie. 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