(Vikt\u00f3ria Moln\u00e1rov\u00e1 \u00a7 Adri\u00e1n Ka\u0161per)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u013dudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va s\u00fa neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou medzi\u013eudsk\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov a vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch interakci\u00ed. S\u00fa to pr\u00e1va postaven\u00e9 na svojej prirodzenej podstate rovnosti, slobode a bezpe\u010dnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Univerz\u00e1lna deklar\u00e1cia \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v z roku 1948[1] je jedn\u00fdm zo z\u00e1kladov medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vneho poriadku, kde s\u00fa obsiahnut\u00e9 v\u0161etky \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, ktor\u00e9 by sa mali dodr\u017eiava\u0165. Av\u0161ak opak je pravdou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00edkladom na dlhotrvaj\u00face poru\u0161ovanie \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v je pr\u00e1ve situ\u00e1cia v S\u00fdrii. Od roku 2011 je S\u00fdria miestom dlhotrvaj\u00facej ob\u010dianskej vojny. Za dvan\u00e1s\u0165 rokov konfliktu sa obyvatelia S\u00fdrie stali ter\u010dom r\u00f4znych foriem n\u00e1silia, potla\u010dovania z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch slob\u00f4d, nerovnosti, nedostatku humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci, vyslovenej straty pr\u00e1va na \u017eivot a v najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade ter\u010dom vojnov\u00fdch zlo\u010dinov. Viac ako 300 000[2]<\/sup> civilistov stratilo svoje \u017eivoty z d\u00f4vodu poru\u0161enia \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a zanedb\u00e1vania pr\u00edstupu humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Hist\u00f3ria konfliktu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Medzi faktory, ktor\u00e9 prispeli k zhor\u0161eniu humanit\u00e1rnej situ\u00e1cie v S\u00fdrii, m\u00f4\u017eeme zaradi\u0165 politick\u00fa represiu, ekonomick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, vysok\u00fa mieru korupcie, \u0161t\u00e1tne n\u00e1silie a pr\u00edsnu cenz\u00faru. Pod vplyvom udalost\u00ed Arabskej jari vypukli v marci 2011 v S\u00fdrii prodemokratick\u00e9 protesty po tom, \u010do bolo zatknut\u00fdch a mu\u010den\u00fdch 15 dospievaj\u00facich chlapcov kv\u00f4li graffiti nastriekan\u00fdm revolu\u010dn\u00fdm sloganom na stenu strednej \u0161koly. Do j\u00fala 2011 vy\u0161li do ul\u00edc po celej krajine st\u00e1tis\u00edce \u013eud\u00ed. St\u00fapenci opoz\u00edcie sa nakoniec za\u010dali chopi\u0165 zbran\u00ed, najprv sa br\u00e1nili a nesk\u00f4r vyhnali bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 zlo\u017eky zo svojich miestnych oblast\u00ed.[3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00e1silie sa stup\u0148ovalo a krajina upadla do ob\u010dianskej vojny, pri\u010dom vznik prodemokratick\u00fdch povstaleck\u00fdch skup\u00edn prispel k stup\u0148ovaniu n\u00e1silia po\u010das bojov s vl\u00e1dnymi silami o kontrolu nad mestami, meste\u010dkami a vidiekom. Boje zasiahli hlavn\u00e9 mesto Damask a druh\u00e9 mesto Aleppo v roku 2012. Do j\u00fana 2013 OSN uviedla, \u017ee v konflikte zahynulo 90 000 \u013eud\u00ed.[4] Situ\u00e1ciu v revol\u00faciou zmietanej S\u00fdrii podstatne ovplyvnil aj pr\u00edchod teroristickej skupiny Islamsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t (ISIS), ktor\u00e1 od apr\u00edla 2013 pusto\u0161ila rozsiahle \u010dasti S\u00fdrie a decimovala kult\u00farne dedi\u010dstvo regi\u00f3nu Levante.[5] Hrozbu ISIS sa po\u010diato\u010dne sna\u017eili za\u017eehna\u0165 Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 s koal\u00edciou Jord\u00e1nska, Bahrajnu, Saudskej Ar\u00e1bie a Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tov. To vy\u00fastilo do smrti 553 os\u00f4b v roku 2014, medzi nimi mnoho civilistov.[6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Strany konfliktu na\u010falej beztrestne p\u00e1chali z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u010diny s\u00favisiace s poru\u0161ovan\u00edm medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho humanit\u00e1rneho pr\u00e1va vr\u00e1tane vojnov\u00fdch zlo\u010dinov, zlo\u010dinov proti \u013eudskosti a in\u00e9ho hrub\u00e9ho poru\u0161ovania \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Vl\u00e1dne sily podnikli priame \u00fatoky na civilistov a civiln\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru vr\u00e1tane nemocn\u00edc a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a \u00fatoky prostredn\u00edctvom leteck\u00e9ho bombardovania a delostreleck\u00e9ho ostre\u013eovania v guvernor\u00e1te Idlib[7] a na vidieku z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho Aleppa. Obliehali aj civilistov na juhu S\u00fdrie a obmedzovali a odopierali civilistom pr\u00edstup k humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci v celej krajine.[8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Akt\u00e9ri z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00ed v konflikte<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do konflikt v S\u00fdrii pokra\u010duje, je rozdielnos\u0165 vo vn\u00edman\u00ed zainteresovan\u00fdch str\u00e1n. Napr\u00edklad, aj ke\u010f sa Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty a Rusko sna\u017eili vytvori\u0165 komplexn\u00fd pl\u00e1n bud\u00faceho v\u00fdvoja rokovan\u00ed a \u0161trukt\u00fary s\u00fdrskej politiky, neboli schopn\u00e9 dospie\u0165 k efekt\u00edvnemu z\u00e1veru. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi akt\u00e9rmi tohto konfliktu s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00fdzvy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Rivalita vl\u00e1dy a rebelov vytvorila ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed efekt v podobe zablokovan\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k vode, jedlu a esenci\u00e1lnym slu\u017eb\u00e1m pre obyvate\u013estvo S\u00fdrie. Strany konfliktu br\u00e1nili medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdm organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m v dovoze humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci a vz\u00e1jomne sa obvi\u0148ovali z poru\u0161ovania \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. OSN viackr\u00e1t naliehalo na vytvorenie humanit\u00e1rneho koridoru, ktor\u00fd \u010dastokr\u00e1t zlyhal. Jedn\u00fdm z ned\u00e1vnych rozhodnut\u00ed o humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci OSN je rezol\u00facia \u010d. 2585 z roku 2021, ktor\u00e1 hovor\u00ed o obnoven\u00ed a autoriz\u00e1cii hrani\u010dn\u00e9ho priechodu Bab al-Hawa pre doru\u010denie humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci z Turecka, pod hlavi\u010dkou OSN.[11] No ako to \u010dasto b\u00fdva, OSN a jej partneri, preva\u017ene Rusko a s\u00fdrska vl\u00e1da op\u00e4tovne zabra\u0148uj\u00fa pr\u00edstupu humanit\u00e1rnej, zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a zdravotnej pomoci. Pod\u013ea hl\u00e1senia Agent\u00fary Spojen\u00fdch \u0160t\u00e1tov americk\u00fdch pre Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd Rozvoj<\/em> (USAID) bolo v S\u00fdrii v roku 2021 13,4 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed potrebuj\u00fa humanit\u00e1rnu pomoc, \u010di u\u017e s\u00fa to lieky, potraviny, oble\u010denie alebo pr\u00edstre\u0161ie. Z toho bolo 12,4 mili\u00f3na v potravinovej neistote.[12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Migr\u00e1cia do susedn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kv\u00f4li s\u00fdrskej kr\u00edze bolo viac ako 13 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed n\u00faten\u00fdch opusti\u0165 svoje domovy, pri\u010dom 7 mili\u00f3nov S\u00fdr\u010danov je do dne\u0161n\u00e9ho d\u0148a vn\u00fatorne vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch. Z 13 mili\u00f3nov ute\u010dencov je drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v susedn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch ako Libanon, Jord\u00e1nsko \u010di Turecko. Tieto \u0161t\u00e1ty v\u0161ak nie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 domov a z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 potreby pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch, preto s\u00fa mnoh\u00ed n\u00faten\u00ed \u017ei\u0165 na ulici, v stanoch alebo v ute\u010deneck\u00fdch t\u00e1boroch, ktor\u00fdch najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det je Turecku, ktor\u00e9 host\u00ed viac ako 3 mili\u00f3ny s\u00fdrskych ute\u010dencov.[13] \u0160t\u00e1ty podporuj\u00face S\u00fdriu finan\u010dne a humanit\u00e1rne, ako napr\u00edklad Spojen\u00e9 Arabsk\u00e9 Emir\u00e1ty, Saudsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bia, Kuvajt, Katar a Bahrajn hranice pre ute\u010dencov doposia\u013e neotvorili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Detencie a zmiznutia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf S\u00fdrska vl\u00e1da <\/strong>sa dopustila viacer\u00fdch akci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 skon\u010dili zatknut\u00edm alebo zmiznut\u00edm politick\u00fdch aktivistov, ochrancov \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, pr\u00e1vnikov, \u017eurnalistov a \u010di be\u017en\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed boli obvinen\u00ed z kritiky vl\u00e1dy na internete.[14] Taktie\u017e nie je tajomstvom, \u017ee vl\u00e1dne sily p\u00e1chali medzi rokmi 2017 \u2013 2021 n\u00e1siln\u00e9 \u010diny na ute\u010dencoch vracaj\u00facich sa zo susedn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf SNA (S\u00fdrska N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 Arm\u00e1da) \u201eRebeli\u201c<\/strong> T\u00e1to strana konfliktu sa dopustila n\u00e1siln\u00fdch \u010dinov na kurdsk\u00fdch civilistoch v mest\u00e1ch Afrin a Ras al-Ayn. Medzi n\u00e1siln\u00e9 \u010diny patrili \u00fanosy, mu\u010denie \u010di in\u00e9 zl\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie.[15] Pod\u013ea vy\u0161etrovacej komisie OSN mu\u010dili rebeli zadr\u017ean\u00fdch za \u00fa\u010delom ich priznania sa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf Auton\u00f3mna samospr\u00e1va Severnej a V\u00fdchodnej S\u00fdrie (Kurdi)<\/strong> Kurdi a ich policajn\u00e9 sily Asayish zadr\u017eali a v\u00e4znili desiatky tis\u00edc S\u00fdr\u010danov na severe krajiny pre podozrenie z afili\u00e1cie s Islamsk\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom. T\u00fdmto v\u00e4z\u0148om, medzi ktor\u00fdmi boli aj deti, bolo odopret\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na riadny s\u00fadny proces a dlh\u00fa dobu boli v\u00e4znen\u00ed, najm\u00e4 v t\u00e1bore al-Hol. Pri kurdskej pol\u00edcii Asayish m\u00f4\u017eeme e\u0161te chv\u00ed\u013eu zosta\u0165. Je viacer\u00fdmi zdrojmi, najm\u00e4 Human Rights Watch potvrden\u00e9, \u017ee un\u00e1\u0161ali mlad\u00fdch chlapcov, ktor\u00fdch podozrievali zo spolupr\u00e1ce s Islamsk\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom a n\u00e1sledne ich aj mu\u010dili a nesk\u00f4r presunuli do \u201erehabilita\u010dn\u00fdch centier\u201c, ktor\u00e9 mali sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako prevencia pred t\u00fdm, aby ich islamsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t regrutoval pre svoje \u00fa\u010dely.[16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 akcie <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Po viac ako roku prijala Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 rada OSN v apr\u00edli 2012 rezol\u00faciu 2042 a rezol\u00faciu 2043. Tieto rezol\u00facie schv\u00e1lili Kofiho Annana ako spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0161peci\u00e1lneho ve\u013evyslanca a hlavn\u00e9ho diplomata pracuj\u00faceho pre OSN. Takisto sa schv\u00e1lil jeho pl\u00e1n, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho by prezident Assad rezignoval z funkcie prezidenta a za\u010dal by sa proces h\u013eadania jeho n\u00e1stupcu. Na podporu Annanovho pl\u00e1nu dala Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 rada dokopy Dozorn\u00fa misiu OSN v S\u00fdrii (UNSMIS). UNSMIS mala dohliada\u0165 na pr\u00edmerie a hl\u00e1si\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9 n\u00e1silie org\u00e1nom OSN. Do S\u00fdrie bolo vyslan\u00fdch vy\u0161e tristo pozorovate\u013eov. Pr\u00edmerie trvalo necel\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148. V roku 2015 bol ukon\u010den\u00fd mand\u00e1t dozornej misie OSN v S\u00fdrii. Okrem Bezpe\u010dnostnej rady zva\u017eovala mo\u017en\u00e9 rie\u0161enia prebiehaj\u00facej kr\u00edzy aj Rada OSN pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, ako aj Valn\u00e9 zhroma\u017edenie OSN. Opakovane prij\u00edmali uznesenia, ktor\u00e9 mali \u017eiada\u0165 odstr\u00e1nenie n\u00e1silia v regi\u00f3ne.[17] <\/p>\n\n\n\n Rezol\u00facia Rady pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va S – 25\/1 prijat\u00e1 21. okt\u00f3bra 2016 po\u017eadovala od str\u00e1n konfliktu okam\u017eit\u00e9 splnenie z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov pod\u013ea medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho humanit\u00e1rneho pr\u00e1va a medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va v oblasti \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. \u010ealej vyzvala na umo\u017enenie bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu humanit\u00e1rnych agent\u00far OSN a ich partnerov do S\u00fdrie. Okrem toho rezol\u00facia ostro ods\u00fadila teroristick\u00e9 \u00fatoky a n\u00e1silie p\u00e1chan\u00e9 na civilistoch.[18] Okrem Rady pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va existuje mno\u017estvo agent\u00far a organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed (napr. UNICEF, WHO, WFP, Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd v\u00fdbor \u010cerven\u00e9ho kr\u00ed\u017ea at\u010f.), ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa zni\u017eova\u0165 n\u00e1sledky humanit\u00e1rnej kr\u00edzy v S\u00fdrii. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, ich pr\u00e1ca je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou obmedzen\u00e1 a zni\u010den\u00e1 \u00famyseln\u00fdmi \u00fatokmi a neust\u00e1le hroziacim nebezpe\u010denstvom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zemetrasenie ako pr\u00ed\u010dina zhor\u0161enia humanit\u00e1rnej kr\u00edzy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n E\u0161te viac sa humanit\u00e1rna situ\u00e1cia zhor\u0161ila po tom, ako 6. febru\u00e1ra 2023 zasiahlo zemetrasenie s magnit\u00fadou 7.8 hranice Turecka a S\u00fdrie. Viac ako 55 000 \u013eud\u00ed zomrelo, a ove\u013ea viac bolo zranen\u00fdch. Nespo\u010detne ve\u013ea domovov, ale aj budov bolo kompletne zdevastovan\u00fdch. Napriek neust\u00e1lej vojne v S\u00fdrii pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to katastrofa pridala e\u0161te viac olej do oh\u0148a v situ\u00e1cii humanit\u00e1rnej pomoci. Iba 1 z 7 zdravotn\u00fdch centier je \u010diasto\u010dne funguj\u00face, deti s\u00fa vystaven\u00e9 r\u00f4znym chorob\u00e1m kv\u00f4li znemo\u017enen\u00e9mu pr\u00edstupu k \u010distej vode alebo k \u00fato\u010disku. Deti sa nem\u00f4\u017eu vr\u00e1ti\u0165 do svojich domovov a \u0161k\u00f4l, preto\u017ee boli zdevastovan\u00e9, a tak s\u00fa a do bud\u00facna bud\u00fa vystaven\u00e9 probl\u00e9mom ako vykoris\u0165ovanie, zneu\u017e\u00edvanie \u010di separovanie od rodiny a nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 vzdelanie.[19] Pod\u013ea OSN je v S\u00fdrii postihnut\u00fdch a\u017e 8.8 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed, a finan\u010dn\u00e9 dot\u00e1cie ani z\u010faleka nepokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa pomoc v\u0161etk\u00fdm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010co bolo v\u0161ak stanoven\u00e9 v Rezol\u00facii 2672 z janu\u00e1ra 2023, bolo \u00fapln\u00fdm opakom toho, \u010do sa dialo a nasledovalo. T\u00e1to rezol\u00facia vyz\u00fdvala \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty, aby reagovali praktick\u00fdmi krokmi na rie\u0161enie naliehav\u00fdch potrieb s\u00fdrskeho \u013eudu, takisto, aby sa zintenz\u00edvnili humanit\u00e1rne dod\u00e1vky elektriny, vzdelania tam, kde to je potrebn\u00e9, ale aj \u00fasilie vytvori\u0165 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 projekty od medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed na podporu kr\u00edzovej situ\u00e1cie. Takisto OSN \u017eiada o okam\u017eit\u00e9 vykonanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch predo\u0161l\u00fdch rezol\u00faci\u00ed.[20]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom je st\u00e1le blokovanie pomoci zo strany s\u00fdrskej vl\u00e1dy. Medzi 9. febru\u00e1rom a 22. febru\u00e1rom tohto roku vl\u00e1da zablokovala najmenej 100 kami\u00f3nov prev\u00e1\u017eaj\u00facich nevyhnutn\u00fa pomoc akou s\u00fa potraviny, zdravotn\u00edcke potreby a tak \u010falej.[21] Av\u0161ak, OSN nasadzuje expertov na hodnotenie katastrof, ktor\u00ed poskytuj\u00fa n\u00fadzov\u00fa pomoc, aspo\u0148 sa o to sna\u017eia. Konvoje OSN pre\u0161li do severnej S\u00fdrie cez priechod B\u00e1b al-Hawa, kde otvorenie tejto hranice bola podmienka Rezol\u00facie 2672.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Svetov\u00e1 zdravotn\u00edcka organiz\u00e1cia (WHO) poslala zdravotn\u00edcke z\u00e1soby pre 400 000 \u013eud\u00ed postihnut\u00fdch zemetrasen\u00edm. Agent\u00fara varuje, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 ur\u00fdchlene obnovi\u0165 zdravotn\u00edcke slu\u017eby, aby sa predi\u0161lo sekund\u00e1rnej katastrofe, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 mnoh\u00fdm \u010fal\u0161\u00edm. Svetov\u00fd potravinov\u00fd program OSN (WFP) poskytuje potravinov\u00fa pomoc a oslovil takmer 1,7 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed v t\u00fdchto dvoch krajin\u00e1ch.[22]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z\u00e1ver <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00fdrska arabsk\u00e1 republika dlh\u00e9 roky \u010del\u00ed politick\u00fdm a ekonomick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00e9 iba prilievaj\u00fa do oh\u0148a neut\u00edchaj\u00facej humanit\u00e1rnej a ute\u010deneckej kr\u00edze. Doteraj\u0161ie akcie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva vy\u00fastili v nieko\u013eko rezol\u00faci\u00ed a k vytvoreniu humanit\u00e1rnych koridorov pre pomoc postihnut\u00fdm vojnou. Aj napriek st\u00e1tis\u00edcom m\u0155tvym, mili\u00f3nom postihnut\u00fdm a vys\u00eddlen\u00fdm sa doteraz nepodarilo n\u00e1js\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fd konsenzus ako sa dosta\u0165 zo zamotan\u00e9ho kruhu z\u00e1ujmov rozli\u010dn\u00fdch str\u00e1n. Rie\u0161enie k ukon\u010deniu kr\u00edzy mus\u00ed by\u0165 politick\u00e9, mus\u00ed by\u0165 na najvy\u0161\u0161ej \u00farovni a v spolupr\u00e1ci so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi. Len tak bude mo\u017en\u00e9 ukon\u010di\u0165 dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9 tr\u00e1penie obyvate\u013eov S\u00fdrie, ktor\u00ed d\u00fafaj\u00fa v n\u00e1vrat domov, ktor\u00ed d\u00fafaj\u00fa a veria v n\u00e1vrat k norm\u00e1lnemu \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zdroje:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] Universal Declaration of Human Rights \u2013 Univerz\u00e1lna deklar\u00e1cia \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, Par\u00ed\u017e, 1948 – [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2] UNHR Office- [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-releases\/2022\/06\/un-human-rights-office-estimates-more-306000-civilians-were-killed-over-10<\/p>\n\n\n\n [3] \u010cl\u00e1nok v CBSNews, 2011, Global Post, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/how-schoolboys-began-the-syrian-revolution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [4] UN News, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2013\/06\/442182<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [5] WRIGHT, R. 2017. The Jihadi Threat, ISIS, Al Qaeda, and Beyond. United States Institute of Peace. Wilson Center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [6] \u010cl\u00e1nok v BBC, 2014, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-29737478<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [7] \u010cl\u00e1nok v Al Jazeera, 2021, Harun al-Aswad, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/9\/8\/syria-regime-forces-enter-daraa-under-truce-monitor<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [8] \u010cl\u00e1nok vo VoaNews, 2016, Lisa Schlein, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/un-official-accuses-syria-of-blocking-humanitarian-aid\/3274767.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [9] \u010cl\u00e1nok v The Guardian, 2023, Martin Chulov, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/jan\/27\/syrian-regime-found-responsible-for-douma-chemical-weapons-attack<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [10] Human Rights Watch Report, 2022, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2022\/12\/07\/northeast-syria-turkish-strikes-exacerbate-humanitarian-crisis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [11] Press Release, UN Resolution 2585, (2021), [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/press.un.org\/en\/2021\/sc14577.doc.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [12] USAID report S\u00fdria, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/humanitarian-assistance\/syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [13] UNHRC, Syria Refugee Crisis Explained, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.unrefugees.org\/news\/syria-refugee-crisis-explained\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [14] \u010cl\u00e1nok v Reporters Without Borders, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/rsf.org\/en\/journalist-arrested-city-controlled-syrian-government<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [15] Synergy Hevdesti NGO news, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/hevdesti.org\/en\/arrests-in-the-first-quarter-of-2023\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [16] Human Rights Watch Report, 2017, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2017\/06\/03\/kurdistan-region-iraq-new-detentions-fleeing-men-boys<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [17] Peacekeeping mission UNSMIS, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en\/mission\/past\/unsmis\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n [18] UNHRC Session report, 2016, [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/special-sessions\/session25\/th-special-session<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [19] Turkey and Syria earthquake facts. [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.worldvision.org\/disaster-relief-news-stories\/2023-turkey-and-syria-earthquake-faqs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [20] Rezol\u00facia OSN 2672 z roku 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n [21] Syria earthquake aid blocked. [online], [cit. 08.05.2023]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/syrian-arab-republic\/syria-vital-earthquake-aid-blocked-or-diverted-aleppos-desperate-hour-need<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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