{"id":373,"date":"2023-02-06T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=373"},"modified":"2023-02-06T13:02:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-06T12:02:46","slug":"sucasne-postavenie-ludskych-prav-druhej-generacie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=373","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 postavenie \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v druhej gener\u00e1cie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u013dudsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vami druhej gener\u00e1cie rozumieme najm\u00e4 soci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, ktor\u00e9 boli prijat\u00e9 vo V\u0161eobecnej deklar\u00e1ci\u00ed \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/em> z roku 1948 (OSN, \u010dl\u00e1nok 22 a\u017e 27) a n\u00e1sledne aj v Medzin\u00e1rodnom pakte o hospod\u00e1rskych, soci\u00e1lnych a kult\u00farnych pr\u00e1vach<\/em> z roku 1966. Najsignifikantnej\u0161\u00edm rozdielom medzi pr\u00e1vami prvej a druhej gener\u00e1cie je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee pr\u00e1va druhej gener\u00e1cie s\u00fa podmienen\u00e9 \u010dinnos\u0165ou dan\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblastiach, ktor\u00fdch sa dot\u00fdkaj\u00fa (napr. \u0161kolstvo, zdravotn\u00edctvo, soci\u00e1lna oblas\u0165). Tieto pr\u00e1va vznikali prim\u00e1rne ako reakcia na \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu industrializ\u00e1ciu od 19. storo\u010dia, d\u00f4sledky priemyseln\u00fdch revol\u00faci\u00ed a v neposlednom rade aj v d\u00f4sledku \u010doraz markantnej\u0161ieho rozmachu kapitalizmu na celom civilizovanom svete.[1]<\/a>    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to problematika m\u00e1 taktie\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u00fd s\u00favis s my\u0161lienkami Karla Marxa, ktor\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee rap\u00eddnou a r\u00fdchlou industrializ\u00e1ciou nevznik\u00e1 len triedna spolo\u010dnos\u0165, ale aj soci\u00e1lne rozdiely a polariz\u00e1cia.[2]<\/a> V minulosti po\u010das Studenej vojny mohli by\u0165 pr\u00e1va druhej gener\u00e1cie \u010dasto pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za ak\u00fdsi \u201ev\u00fdplod\u201d v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho bloku a socialistick\u00e9ho sveta. [3]<\/a> Osobne v\u0161ak pova\u017eujem vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00e9 pr\u00e1va za pr\u00e1va takzvan\u00e9ho \u201emodern\u00e9ho\u201c a vyspel\u00e9ho sveta, v ktorom je nesmierne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 hranice a pravidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 napom\u00e1haj\u00fa vies\u0165 soci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00fd  \u017eivot ove\u013ea kultivovanej\u0161ie ako tomu bolo v minulosti. Rovnako si ale mysl\u00edm, \u017ee stav tejto problematiky m\u00e1 svoje nedostatky aj v dne\u0161nom svete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Pr\u00e1va druhej gener\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 do troch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed, a to konkr\u00e9tne na hospod\u00e1rske pr\u00e1va (nastavenie \u017eivotnej \u00farovne), soci\u00e1lne pr\u00e1va (prostriedok na particip\u00e1ciu v spolo\u010dnosti) a pr\u00e1va kult\u00farne (kult\u00farne vy\u017eitie \u010dloveka, vzdelanie).[4]<\/a> Medzi pr\u00e1va druhej gener\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 v s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe pod\u013ea m\u00f4jho n\u00e1zoru najviac rezonuj\u00fa v spolo\u010dnosti, patria jednozna\u010dne: pr\u00e1vo na pr\u00e1cu a uspokojuj\u00face pracovn\u00e9 podmienky, pr\u00e1vo na ochranu zdravia a zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 a pr\u00e1vo na vzdelanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1vo na pr\u00e1cu a uspokojuj\u00face pracovn\u00e9 podmienky je pod\u013ea m\u00f4jho n\u00e1zoru najviac rezonuj\u00facou t\u00e9mou v oblastiach poru\u0161ovania \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a slob\u00f4d po celom svete. Ako pr\u00edklad uvediem vykoris\u0165ovanie robotn\u00edkov v Katare pri pr\u00edprave majstrovstiev sveta vo futbale. Anglick\u00fd The Guardian<\/em> tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pri t\u00fdchto pr\u00edprav\u00e1ch zomrelo a\u017e 6500\u00a0 pracovn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed do Kataru kv\u00f4li pr\u00e1ci pricestovali z Banglad\u00e9\u0161u, Nep\u00e1lu, Indie \u010di Pakistanu.[5]<\/a> \u010eal\u0161\u00edm alarmuj\u00facim pr\u00edkladom je aj dlhotrvaj\u00faca detsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca (napr. Indon\u00e9zia, India, Som\u00e1lsko, Mjanmarsko). Vykoris\u0165ovanie det\u00ed na pr\u00e1cu v extr\u00e9mnych a\u017e ne\u017eite\u013en\u00fdch podmienkach pova\u017eujem za jeden z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9mov civilizovan\u00e9ho sveta. Znepokojuje ma aj fakt, \u017ee cel\u00fd \u201edemokratick\u00fd\u201c svet sa len ne\u010dinne prizer\u00e1 a v\u0161etky deklar\u00e1cie, zmluvy a pravidl\u00e1 s\u00fa absol\u00fatne bezpredmetn\u00e9. Ako rie\u0161enie tohto probl\u00e9mu navrhujem zriadenie nov\u00e9ho celosvetov\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu, ktor\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal zasahova\u0165 a chr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed aj v krajin\u00e1ch, v ktor\u00fdch je \u0161t\u00e1tne zriadenie dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 a nedemokratick\u00e9. Realitu a postavenie tohto pr\u00e1va druhej gener\u00e1cie v\u0161ak vid\u00edm negat\u00edvne. Eliminova\u0165 vykoris\u0165ovanie v pr\u00e1ci a dosiahnu\u0165\u00a0 uspokojuj\u00face pracovn\u00e9 podmienky po celom svete pova\u017eujem v najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch dek\u00e1dach za ut\u00f3piu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri moderniz\u00e1cii a v\u00fdvine technol\u00f3gi\u00ed pova\u017eujem pr\u00e1vo na zdravie a zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 za pr\u00e1vo, ktor\u00e9 rob\u00ed najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie kroky dopredu. \u00dachvatn\u00e1 je v posledn\u00fdch dek\u00e1dach taktie\u017e pr\u00e1ca, ktor\u00fa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa organiz\u00e1cie WHO<\/em> a UNICEF<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 expanduj\u00fa svoj vplyv najm\u00e4 do rozvojov\u00fdch kraj\u00edn a kraj\u00edn \u201etretieho sveta\u201c (prim\u00e1rne krajiny v Afrike). V t\u00fdchto krajin\u00e1ch je mo\u017en\u00e9 sledova\u0165 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie zdravotn\u00e9ho stavu \u013eud\u00ed, eliminovanie epid\u00e9mi\u00ed, chor\u00f4b a v neposlednom rade aj dod\u00e1vky potrebn\u00fdch liekov.[6]<\/a> Pri glob\u00e1lnom rie\u0161en\u00ed tohto probl\u00e9mu by taktie\u017e mali by\u0165 zapojen\u00e9 v\u0161etky vyspelej\u0161ie krajiny sveta a rovnako aj politick\u00e9 elity, aby sa tento probl\u00e9m rie\u0161il aj pomocou \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v komplexnej\u0161ie na celom \u201e\u010diernom\u201c kontinente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1vo na vzdelanie pova\u017eujem za \u201epokra\u010dovanie\u201c pr\u00e1va na zdravie a zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165. Ak chceme, aby boli vytvoren\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 podmienky a zabezpe\u010denie na vzdelanie, musia \u00eds\u0165 tieto pr\u00e1va s\u00fabe\u017ene. Pod\u013ea spr\u00e1vy UNESCO<\/em> m\u00e1 chudoba, hlad a zl\u00e1 zdravotn\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 za n\u00e1sledok omnoho hor\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup k vzdelaniu. Tieto faktory taktie\u017e ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa aj plnohodnotn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj mozgu, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok nedokon\u010denie \u0161t\u00fadia popr\u00edpade aj neuplatnenie sa v spolo\u010dnosti.[7]<\/a> Ako zna\u010dn\u00e9 negat\u00edvum v tejto problematike vid\u00edm aj vzdelanostn\u00e9 rozdiely medzi de\u0165mi, ktor\u00e9 zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00fa faktory ako napr. rasov\u00e9 nerovnosti (vznik \u0161peci\u00e1lnych tried bez dostato\u010dn\u00e9ho presk\u00famania schopnost\u00ed \u0161tudenta), a \u010falej aj soci\u00e1lne postavenie, ktor\u00e9 v praxi znamen\u00e1, \u017ee deti zo soci\u00e1lne slab\u0161\u00edch rod\u00edn automaticky dosahuj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 dokon\u010den\u00e9ho vzdelania (pod\u013ea OECD <\/em>Slovensko jedno z najhor\u0161\u00edch v E\u00da).[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osobne vid\u00edm s\u00fa\u010dasne postavenie pr\u00e1v druhej gener\u00e1cie ako relevantn\u00fd a n\u00e1pomocn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj v zlep\u0161ovan\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00fdch podmienok po celom svete. Pri dostato\u010dnej a poctivej pr\u00e1ci s t\u00fdmito pr\u00e1vami si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee potenci\u00e1l je nekone\u010dn\u00fd a neobmedzen\u00fd. Na dodr\u017eiavanie, zachovanie suverenity a napredovanie\u00a0 t\u00fdchto pr\u00e1v aj v bud\u00facnosti by som prijal v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo dozorn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov a \u010dinite\u013eov, ktor\u00e9 by dok\u00e1zali roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 svoje kompetencie aj do kraj\u00edn, v ktor\u00fdch to s (ne)demokraciou a \u017eivotnou \u00farov\u0148ou nevyzer\u00e1 najviac ru\u017eovo. Ako \u010dlovek so soci\u00e1lnym c\u00edten\u00edm, pevne ver\u00edm, \u017ee \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va druhej gener\u00e1cie bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 aj v bud\u00facnosti\u00a0 napom\u00e1ha\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00fdch sk\u00fa\u0161a osud, k zlep\u0161eniu ich \u017eivotnej \u00farovne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Zdroje: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MARTINA CHUD\u00c1: Bez vzdelania = bez \u0161ance. Niekedy sa sta\u010d\u00ed \u201czle\u201d narodi\u0165<\/em>. [online], [cit. 25\/5\/2022]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/hnonline.sk\/slovensko\/567080-bez-vzdelania-bez-sance-niekedy-sa-staci-zle-narodit<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MARTINA P\u00daPAVOV\u00c1: Hoci je vzdelanie st\u00e1le dostupnej\u0161ie, nerovnosti vo vzdelan\u00ed st\u00e1le pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa<\/em>. [online], [cit. 25\/5\/2022]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/eduworld.sk\/cd\/martina-pupavova\/1927\/vzdelanostna-nerovnost-hoci-je-vzdelanie-stale-dostupnejsie-nerovnosti-vo-vzdelani-pretrvavaju<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MOSES TWINKLE: Explained: Tracing the Three Generations Of Human Rights<\/em>. [online], [cit. 25\/5\/2022]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.indiatimes.com\/explainers\/news\/human-rights-tracing-the-three-generations-568239.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O.Z EUROIURIS: Gener\u00e1cie \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/em>. [online], [cit. 25\/5\/2022]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: http:\/\/ludskeprava.euroiuris.sk\/index.php?link=gen_lud_prav<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PETE PATTISON: Revealed: 6,500 migrant workers have died in Qatar since World Cup awarded<\/em>. [online], [cit. 25\/5\/2022]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2021\/feb\/23\/revealed-migrant-worker-deaths-qatar-fifa-world-cup-2022<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

STEVEN L.B. JENSEN: Putting to rest the Three Generations Theory of human rights<\/em>.[online], [cit. 25\/5\/2022]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.openglobalrights.org\/putting-to-rest-the-three-generations-theory-of-human-rights\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TEFO PHEAGE: We can improve health systems in Africa<\/em>. [<\/strong>online], [cit. 25\/5\/2022]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.un.org\/africarenewal\/magazine\/december-2016-march-2017\/we-can-improve-health-systems-africa<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u013dudsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vami druhej gener\u00e1cie rozumieme najm\u00e4 soci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, ktor\u00e9 boli prijat\u00e9 vo V\u0161eobecnej deklar\u00e1ci\u00ed \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v z roku 1948 (OSN, \u010dl\u00e1nok 22 a\u017e 27) a n\u00e1sledne aj v Medzin\u00e1rodnom pakte o hospod\u00e1rskych, soci\u00e1lnych a kult\u00farnych pr\u00e1vach z roku 1966. Najsignifikantnej\u0161\u00edm rozdielom medzi pr\u00e1vami prvej a druhej gener\u00e1cie je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee pr\u00e1va druhej gener\u00e1cie s\u00fa podmienen\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eseje"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 postavenie \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v druhej gener\u00e1cie - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=373\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 postavenie \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v druhej gener\u00e1cie - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u013dudsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vami druhej gener\u00e1cie rozumieme najm\u00e4 soci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, ktor\u00e9 boli prijat\u00e9 vo V\u0161eobecnej deklar\u00e1ci\u00ed \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v z roku 1948 (OSN, \u010dl\u00e1nok 22 a\u017e 27) a n\u00e1sledne aj v Medzin\u00e1rodnom pakte o hospod\u00e1rskych, soci\u00e1lnych a kult\u00farnych pr\u00e1vach z roku 1966. 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