{"id":275,"date":"2023-01-01T17:56:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T16:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=275"},"modified":"2023-12-29T19:25:49","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T18:25:49","slug":"275","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=275","title":{"rendered":"COP27: \u00daspech alebo sklamanie?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V nede\u013eu, 20. novembra 2022 bol ukon\u010den\u00fd 27. ro\u010dn\u00edk klimatickej konferencie Organiz\u00e1cie Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov, zn\u00e1my tie\u017e ako OSN COP27 (Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC), prijat\u00edm z\u00e1vere\u010dnej deklar\u00e1cie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t sa svetov\u00ed l\u00eddri a deleg\u00e1cie spolo\u010dne stretli v egyptskom Sharm El-Sheikh, ktor\u00fd z\u00edskal tohtoro\u010dn\u00e9 predsedn\u00edctvo na usporiadanie tejto klimatickej konferencie. T\u00e1 sa konala od 6. novembra 2022 do 19.\/20. novembra 2022. Hlavnou t\u00e9mou tohtoro\u010dn\u00e9ho samitu mala by\u0165 pomoc chudobn\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa klimatick\u00fdmi zmenami postihovan\u00e9 najviac. Ofici\u00e1lnym d\u00e1tumom ukon\u010denia mal by\u0165 piatok 18. novembra, av\u0161ak medzi z\u00e1stupcami kraj\u00edn dovtedy nedo\u0161lo k jednohlasnej dohode na z\u00e1vere\u010dnej deklar\u00e1cii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kontinuita COP<\/b><\/p>\n

Konferencia zaoberaj\u00faca sa zmenou kl\u00edmy a jej mo\u017en\u00e9ho odvr\u00e1tenia a rie\u0161en\u00ed sa usporad\u00fava ka\u017edoro\u010dne, a to od prvej schv\u00e1lenej klimatickej dohody OSN v roku 1992. Tieto konferencie maj\u00fa vies\u0165 z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 krajiny k dohod\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 prijm\u00fa opatrenia a rie\u0161enia na obmedzenie n\u00e1rastu glob\u00e1lnej teploty.<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

R\u00e1mcov\u00fd dohovor Organiz\u00e1cie Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov o zmene kl\u00edmy, ktor\u00fd bol ratifikovan\u00fd 198 krajinami, bol na svoju dobu, kedy vst\u00fapil do platnosti, a to v 1994, pozoruhodn\u00fd a v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd. UNFCCC prebral d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u010das\u0165 z dovtedy najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej a naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161ej multilater\u00e1lnej environment\u00e1lnej zmluvy v dejin\u00e1ch \u2013 Montrealsk\u00e9ho protokolu z roku 1987. Hlavnou my\u0161lienkou bolo zav\u00e4zova\u0165 v\u0161etky \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty, aby konali v s\u00falade a z\u00e1ujme bezpe\u010dnosti \u013eud\u00ed aj napriek vedeckej neistote. Cie\u013eom samotn\u00e9ho dohovoru OSN bolo a je \u201e<\/span>stabilizova\u0165 koncentr\u00e1cie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov na \u00farovni, ktor\u00e1 by zabr\u00e1nila nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu antropog\u00e9nnemu (\u010dlovekom vyvolan\u00e9mu) z\u00e1sahu do klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/span><\/i>.\u201c<\/span>[2]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Medzi najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie ro\u010dn\u00edky konferencie patr\u00ed COP21, prebiehaj\u00faca v decembri 2015 v Par\u00ed\u017ei. Pr\u00e1ve z tejto konferencie vy\u0161la zn\u00e1ma Par\u00ed\u017eska klimatick\u00e1 dohoda. T\u00e1 pojedn\u00e1va o zmier\u0148ovan\u00ed zmeny kl\u00edmy, adapt\u00e1cie na \u0148u a financie. Cie\u013eom pre dlhodob\u00e9 h\u013eadisko je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm udr\u017ea\u0165 n\u00e1rast priemernej glob\u00e1lnej teploty v\u00fdrazne pod 2 <\/span>\u00b0C a obmedzi\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161enie na maxim\u00e1lne 1,5 \u00b0C, \u010d\u00edm by sa zn\u00ed\u017eili \u00fa\u010dinky a prejavy zmeny kl\u00edmy. Pre dosiahnutie tohto cie\u013ea je potrebn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 celosvetov\u00e9 emisie o 50% do roku 2030. Par\u00ed\u017esku klimatick\u00fa dohodu do dne\u0161n\u00e9ho d\u0148a neratifikovalo nieko\u013eko kraj\u00edn, medzi ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm Ir\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd je z nich jedin\u00fdm ve\u013ek\u00fdm producentom emisi\u00ed.<\/span>[3]<\/span><\/a> Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 v roku 2020 po\u010das Trumpovej administrat\u00edvy odst\u00fapili od dohody, av\u0161ak v roku 2021, v prv\u00fd de\u0148 \u00faradovania novozvolen\u00e9ho prezidenta Joea Bidena sa k nej op\u00e4tovne pripojili.<\/span>[4]<\/span><\/a> T\u00e1to dohoda bola a do dne\u0161n\u00e9ho d\u0148a je taktie\u017e mnoh\u00fdmi odborn\u00edkmi kritizovan\u00e1 ako nedosta\u010duj\u00faca a ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po minuloro\u010dnej konferencii COP26 v Glasgowe prevzalo predsedn\u00edctvo egyptsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010dilo miesto konania na najju\u017enej\u0161om c\u00edpe Sinajsk\u00e9ho polostrova, mesto Sharm El-Sheikh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Egyptsk\u00e9 predsedn\u00edctvo COP27<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00edziou egyptsk\u00e9ho predsedn\u00edctva bola ak\u00fatna zhoda opatren\u00ed na rie\u0161enie klimatickej kr\u00edzy. Cie\u013eom bolo prejs\u0165 od rokovan\u00ed k priamym \u010dinom a od pl\u00e1novania k implement\u00e1cii. Je potrebn\u00e9 d\u00f4js\u0165 k naliehav\u00fdm a spr\u00e1vnym krokom, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu zaru\u010di\u0165 udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch. Ako uv\u00e1dza ofici\u00e1lna str\u00e1nka COP27, d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm aspektom je jednotnos\u0165 a harmoniz\u00e1cia glob\u00e1lneho \u00fasilia. Dohodnut\u00e9 a vyrokovan\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky sa musia pretavi\u0165 do konkr\u00e9tnych \u010dinov a skutkov.<\/span>[5]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Konferencia v letovisku Sharm El-Sheikh sa stala u\u017e piatou COP konanou na africkom kontinente. Afrika je pr\u00e1ve jedn\u00fdm z najzranite\u013enej\u0161\u00edch regi\u00f3nov aj v s\u00favislosti s klimatick\u00fdmi zmenami. \u201e<\/span>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa odhaduje, \u017ee 20 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed \u010del\u00ed vo v\u00fdchodnej Afrike potravinovej neistote v d\u00f4sledku sucha<\/span><\/i>.\u201c<\/span>[6]<\/span><\/a> V\u00fdber miesta pre tohtoro\u010dn\u00fa konferenciu bol pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 skupiny kontroverzn\u00fd. Egypt bol vyzvan\u00fd, aby e\u0161te pred za\u010diatkom konferencie prepustil politick\u00fdch v\u00e4z\u0148ov, ktor\u00fdch je pod\u013ea ur\u010dit\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed viac ako 60 tis\u00edc. Pod\u013ea spr\u00e1v Amnesty International sa Egypt zmieta v kr\u00edze \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Organiz\u00e1cia Human Rights Watch hovor\u00ed, \u017ee Egypt taktie\u017e v\u00fdrazne obmedzuje pr\u00e1cu ekologick\u00fdch skup\u00edn a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 opatrenia v oblasti kl\u00edmy nie s\u00fa mo\u017en\u00e9 bez ob\u010dianskeho priestoru. K\u00e1hira sa k dan\u00fdm spr\u00e1vam vyjadrila a ozna\u010dila ich za zav\u00e1dzaj\u00face.<\/span>[7]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Afrika je ale pod\u013ea predsedn\u00edctva odhodlan\u00e1 uk\u00e1za\u0165 svoje ved\u00face postavenie v boji proti zmene kl\u00edmy. Potvrdzuj\u00fac toto vyjadrenie chce predvies\u0165 svoje pr\u00edspevky ku glob\u00e1lnemu hnutiu v boji proti klimatick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m, svojou silnou a jasnou v\u00edziou k spravodlivej a udr\u017eate\u013enej bud\u00facnosti nielen pre svojich obyvate\u013eov, ale pre celosvetov\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu. COP27 m\u00e1 by\u0165 preto bodom obratu, v ktorom bola preuk\u00e1zan\u00e1 politick\u00e1 v\u00f4\u013ea na spolo\u010dn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed.<\/span>[8]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eSom hlboko presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee COP27 je pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165ou uk\u00e1za\u0165 jednotu proti existen\u010dnej hrozbe, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017eeme prekona\u0165 len spolo\u010dn\u00fdm konan\u00edm a \u00fa\u010dinnou implement\u00e1ciou<\/i>.\u201c \u2013 Prezident Abd al-Fatt\u00e1h as-S\u00eds\u00ed<\/p>\n

Zast\u00fapenie Slovenskej republiky<\/b><\/p>\n

     <\/b> Pod\u013ea dostupn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa tohtoro\u010dn\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho samitu malo z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 viac ako 2 tis\u00edc re\u010dn\u00edkov, \u010fal\u0161\u00edch viac ako 35 tis\u00edc \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov a deleg\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00ed mali spolu re\u010dni\u0165 o viac ako 300 t\u00e9mach spojen\u00fdch s klimatickou zmenou. O\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e1 \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na konferencii bola viac ne\u017e 90 hl\u00e1v \u0161t\u00e1tov a z\u00e1stupcov z cel\u00e9ho sveta.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span> Medzi z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdmi nech\u00fdbal ani franc\u00fazsky prezident Emmanuel Macron, ktor\u00fd vo svojom pr\u00edhovore na za\u010diatku konferencie vyzval Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty, \u010c\u00ednu a aj \u010fal\u0161ie neeur\u00f3pske rozvinut\u00e9 krajiny, aby sa aj ony podie\u013eali a zapojili sa do pomoci chudobnej\u0161\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1tom v s\u00favislosti s bojom proti klimatickej zmene. Okrem in\u00e9ho uviedol, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9, aby \u010c\u00edna a Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty e\u0161te viac obmedzili produkovanie emisi\u00ed.<\/span>[9]<\/span><\/a> Medzi \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdmi vystupuj\u00facimi sa objavil aj americk\u00fd prezident Joe Biden. Ten vo svojom prejave podotkol, \u017ee \u201e<\/span>klimatick\u00e1 kr\u00edza sa t\u00fdka \u013eudskej bezpe\u010dnosti, ekonomickej bezpe\u010dnosti, environment\u00e1lnej bezpe\u010dnosti, n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti a samotn\u00e9ho \u017eivota plan\u00e9ty<\/span><\/i>.\u201c<\/span>[10]<\/span><\/a> \u010ealej zopakoval slov\u00e1 britsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Rishiho Sunaka, ktor\u00fd povedal, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 vojna na Ukrajine je d\u00f4vodom na r\u00fdchlej\u0161iu akciu v oblasti kl\u00edmy. Biden sa po\u010das svojho re\u010dnenia zaviazal, \u017ee USA spr\u00edsnia svoje pravidl\u00e1 o emisi\u00e1ch met\u00e1nu z ropn\u00fdch a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. Pod\u013ea jeho slov USA splnia svoje emisn\u00e9 ciele do roku 2030. Prezidentka World Resources Institute Ani Dasgupta sa v\u0161ak vyjadrila, \u017ee pravdou je, \u017ee USA v\u00fdrazne neplnia svoje medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky v oblasti financovania opatren\u00ed na boj proti klimatickej zmene.<\/span>[11]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Mnoh\u00ed o\u010dak\u00e1vali aj pr\u00edspevok klimatickej aktivistky Grety Thunberg, ktor\u00e1 sa pred za\u010diatkom samitu vyjadrila, \u017ee tam nie je potrebn\u00e1 a konferencie sa z\u00fa\u010dastnia \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia z najviac postihnut\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch hlas je pod\u013ea nej d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed. Klimatick\u00fa konferenciu nazvala ako f\u00f3rum pre greenwashing.<\/span>[12]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Eur\u00f3psku \u00faniu zastupovali predseda Eur\u00f3pskej rady Charles Michel a predsedn\u00ed\u010dka Eur\u00f3pskej komisie Ursula von der Leyen. Michel vo svojom prejave uviedol, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 bezodkladne kona\u0165, pri\u010dom priznal, \u017ee vojna Ruska proti Ukrajine situ\u00e1ciu skomplikovala.<\/span>[13]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Slovenskej republike na COP27 taktie\u017e nech\u00fdbalo zast\u00fapenie, ktor\u00e9 prevzala prezidentka SR Zuzana \u010caputov\u00e1 so svojou deleg\u00e1ciou. Prezidentka je dlhodobo zn\u00e1ma pre svoje v\u00fdroky a kroky ved\u00face k potrebe bojova\u0165 proti klimatickej zmene a jej odvr\u00e1teniu. \u010caputov\u00e1 vo svojom prejave uviedla, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 kr\u00edza nepo\u010dk\u00e1, k\u00fdm sa vyrie\u0161i energetick\u00e1 kr\u00edza. \u201e<\/span>Kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00e9 rie\u0161enia <\/span><\/i>ako je prechod z plynu na uhlie, vn\u00edma prezidentka len ako ur\u00fdchlenie de\u0161trukcie na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty.<\/span><\/i>\u201c<\/span>[14]<\/span><\/a> Prezidentka okrem in\u00e9ho vyhl\u00e1sila, \u017ee Slovensko sa v Egypte pripoj\u00ed k celosvetov\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u00e4zku zni\u017eova\u0165 emisie met\u00e1nu (Global Methane Pledge Initiative). Dodala, \u017ee Slovensko sa bude dr\u017ea\u0165 pl\u00e1nu odstavi\u0165 uho\u013en\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne, aj napriek energetickej kr\u00edze a rekordn\u00fdm cen\u00e1m energi\u00ed.<\/span>[15]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Slovensko taktie\u017e predstavilo pripravovan\u00fa legislat\u00edvu o zmene kl\u00edmy a n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkovej transform\u00e1cii Slovenska. \u201e<\/span>Legislat\u00edva uprav\u00ed z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9 ciele v jednotliv\u00fdch sektoroch, ktor\u00fdmi sa dosiahne uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 neutralita do roku 2050<\/span><\/i>.\u201c<\/span>[16]<\/span><\/a> Tento n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona ocenilo viacero partnerov OSN. T\u00fdmto predlo\u017een\u00edm Slovensko podporilo smerovanie Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie vo zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed v poklese emisi\u00ed a sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov z p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch 55% na 57%.<\/span>[17]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Konferencia nie len o kl\u00edme<\/b><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Klimatick\u00fd samit, ako ostatn\u00e9 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 podujatia s hlavami \u0161t\u00e1tov, predstavoval priestor pre \u010fal\u0161ie neform\u00e1lne stretnutia svetov\u00fdch l\u00eddrov, z\u00e1stupcov a organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed. Medzi hlavn\u00e9 t\u00e9my patrila predov\u0161etk\u00fdm situ\u00e1cia na Ukrajine a nedostatok dod\u00e1vok plynu. <\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Aj ke\u010f sa rusk\u00fd prezident nez\u00fa\u010dastnil tejto konferencie, Rusk\u00e1 feder\u00e1cia tu mala svoje zast\u00fapenie. Ako ale informoval spravodajsk\u00fd web britsk\u00e9ho denn\u00edka The Guardian, medzi lobistami na COP27 sa objavili aj rusk\u00ed oligarchovia a \u0161\u00e9fovia spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, na ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa uvalen\u00e9 sankcie v s\u00favislosti s aktu\u00e1lnou situ\u00e1ciou medzi Ruskom a Ukrajinou. Plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fd gigant Gazprom vyslal svoje zast\u00fapenie v podobe \u0161iestich deleg\u00e1tov a taktie\u017e aj gener\u00e1lneho riadite\u013ea Sberbank. Na obe spomenut\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa sankcie. Konferencie sa z\u00fa\u010dastnil aj rusko-bielorusk\u00fd miliard\u00e1r Melni\u010denko, b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f v\u00fdrobcu hnoj\u00edv Eurochem. Na klimatick\u00fa konferenciu pricestovali aj z\u00e1stupcovia ropnej spolo\u010dnosti Lukoil, \u010di hutn\u00edckej spolo\u010dnosti Severstal. Tie \u010delia americk\u00fdm sankci\u00e1m. \u201e<\/span>Pod\u013ea kritikov Rusko h\u013ead\u00e1 cestu, ako sa na klimatickej kr\u00edze obohati\u0165, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o \u0165a\u017ebu v Arkt\u00edde. Rusk\u00fd splnomocnenec pre kl\u00edmu Ruslan Edelgerijev sa na konferencii COP27 pod\u013ea The Guardian vyjadril, \u017ee Rusko by uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu dosiahlo sk\u00f4r, ak by neexistovali \u017eiadne sankcie, obmedzenia alebo ak\u00e9ko\u013evek diskrimina\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy.\u201c<\/span><\/i>[18]<\/span><\/a>      <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00e1 deklar\u00e1cia ako kame\u0148 \u00farazu dvojt\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov\u00fdch rokovan\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n

        <\/b> Pr\u00e1ve z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00e9 rokovania o schv\u00e1len\u00ed spolo\u010dnej dohody prin\u00fatili organiz\u00e1torov a pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 strany pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 COP27 z pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho 18. novembra o de\u0148 nesk\u00f4r. Fin\u00e1lna deklar\u00e1cia bola nakoniec schv\u00e1len\u00e1 v nede\u013eu, 20. novembra 2022. V kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku ne\u0161lo o ni\u010d v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee v posledn\u00fdch 20 rokoch sa ani jedna z klimatick\u00fdch konferenci\u00ed OSN neskon\u010dila v stanovenom term\u00edne.<\/span>[19]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Do slepej uli\u010dky sa dostali z\u00e1stupcovia \u0161t\u00e1tov po tom, \u010do sa nevedeli dohodn\u00fa\u0165 kv\u00f4li nezhod\u00e1m o kompenz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch \u0161k\u00f4d sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch zmenou kl\u00edmy. Tie by mali putova\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom novovytvoren\u00e9ho fondu chudobnej\u0161\u00edm a rozv\u00edjaj\u00facim sa \u0161t\u00e1tom, ktor\u00e9 bojuj\u00fa s viacer\u00fdmi d\u00f4sledkami otep\u013eovania Zeme. Viacer\u00e9 bohat\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty v\u0161ak boli proti.<\/span>[20]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Prvotn\u00fd egyptsk\u00fd n\u00e1vrh na uzatvorenie dohody Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania odmietla so slovami, \u017ee je neprijate\u013en\u00fd. Egypt sa toti\u017e pok\u00fa\u0161al presadi\u0165 n\u00e1vrh, ktor\u00fd by zru\u0161il povinnos\u0165 pravidelne posil\u0148ova\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 ciele na splnenie 1,5 <\/span>\u00b0C<\/span> cie\u013ea. T\u00fdmto krokom pod\u013ea viacer\u00fdch z\u00e1stupcov Egypt spochybnil kroky a \u00faspechy dosiahnut\u00e9 v Glasgowe (COP26) v oblasti zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed.<\/span>[21]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Spr\u00e1vy z 20. novembra u\u017e jasne hovorili o prijat\u00ed z\u00e1vere\u010dnej deklar\u00e1cie, ako aj pomoci chudobn\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m. V\u00fdsledkom je tak vznik \u0161peci\u00e1lneho fondu na kompenz\u00e1ciu \u0161k\u00f4d sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch klimatickou zmenou pre zranite\u013en\u00e9 a chudobn\u00e9 krajiny. Tie maj\u00fa dost\u00e1va\u0165 prostriedky na zmiernenie neodvr\u00e1tite\u013en\u00fdch d\u00f4sledkov, ako s\u00fa such\u00e1, povodne, st\u00fapaj\u00faca hladina mor\u00ed, \u010di vznikaj\u00face p\u00fa\u0161te. V prijatej deklar\u00e1cii sa v\u0161ak nep\u00ed\u0161e o konkr\u00e9tnych sum\u00e1ch, ani o tom, kto by mal dan\u00e9 financie poskytova\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Vo vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed COP27 sa \u0161t\u00e1ty zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa k \u010do najr\u00fdchlej\u0161iemu zni\u017eovaniu emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov. P\u00ed\u0161e sa taktie\u017e o z\u00e1v\u00e4zku utlmi\u0165 spa\u013eovanie uhlia, av\u0161ak text nepojedn\u00e1va o rope a zemnom plyne. \u0160t\u00e1ty s\u00fa okrem in\u00e9ho vyz\u00fdvan\u00e9, aby vyvinuli najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu snahu na zlep\u0161enie svojich nedostato\u010dn\u00fdch pl\u00e1nov na ochranu kl\u00edmy.<\/span>[22]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        <\/b> Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, gener\u00e1lny tajomn\u00edk OSN, sa vyjadril, \u017ee ide o d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd krok smerom k spravodlivosti. \u0160peci\u00e1lny fond je pod\u013ea jeho slov nevyhnutn\u00fd, av\u0161ak nie je rie\u0161en\u00edm. Je potrebn\u00e9 vyvin\u00fa\u0165 ove\u013ea viac energie a snahy na zastavenie, alebo zmiernenie dopadov zmeny kl\u00edmy. \u010co v\u0161ak Guterres kritizoval, je fakt, \u017ee t\u00e1to konferencia COP27 nerie\u0161ila a nepresadila amb\u00edciu na drastick\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed. Kriticky sa k v\u00fdslednej dohode vyjadril aj v\u00fdkonn\u00fd podpredseda Eur\u00f3pskej komisie pre Eur\u00f3psku zelen\u00fa dohodu, Frans Timmermans, ktor\u00fd klimatick\u00fa konferenciu ozna\u010dil za nedostato\u010dn\u00fa. Pod\u013ea jeho vyjadren\u00ed \u201e<\/span>dohoda nen\u00fati ve\u013ek\u00fdch producentov sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov vynaklada\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasilie na ur\u00fdchlenie zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed.<\/span><\/i>\u201c<\/span>[23]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

        <\/span> Ke\u010f\u017ee mnoh\u00e9 \u010dasti z t\u00fdchto z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fdch deklar\u00e1ci\u00ed COP nie s\u00fa pr\u00e1vne z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9, vr\u00e1tane n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch cie\u013eov, je na samotn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch, ako sa postavia k boju s klimatickou kr\u00edzou a jej dopadmi. Spolupr\u00e1ca a jednotnos\u0165 je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e1 a priam nevyhnutn\u00e1. \u010ci sa \u013eudstvu podar\u00ed zvr\u00e1ti\u0165 tie najhor\u0161ie scen\u00e1re, je nateraz ot\u00e1zne. Na \u010fal\u0161ie tak\u00e9to rokovania si budeme musie\u0165 po\u010dka\u0165 do bud\u00faceho COP28, ktor\u00fd sa bude kona\u0165 v Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1toch od 30. novembra do 12. decembra 2023. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Zdroje: <\/strong><\/p>\n

BLINKEN, J. <\/span>The United States Officially Rejoins the Paris Agreement<\/span><\/i> [online]. State.gov, 2021. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.state.gov\/the-united-states-officially-rejoins-the-paris-agreement\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

CONSILIUM.EUROPA.EU. <\/span>Konferencia OSN o zmene kl\u00edmy (COP27), samit o vykon\u00e1van\u00ed opatren\u00ed v oblasti kl\u00edmy, \u0160arm a\u0161-\u0160ajch, Egypt, 7. \u2013 8. novembra 2022<\/span><\/i> [online]. Consilium.europa.eu, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/sk\/meetings\/international-summit\/2022\/11\/07-08\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

COP27.EG. <\/span>Introduction<\/span><\/i> [online]. Cop27.eg. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/cop27.eg\/#\/presidency#introduction<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

DENNIKN.SK. <\/span>Klimatick\u00fd samit COP27 v Egypte pred\u013a\u017eili do soboty<\/span><\/i> [online]. Dennikn.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/dennikn.sk\/minuta\/3113988<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

INTEREZ.SK. <\/span>\u010caputov\u00e1 na klimatickom samite v Egypte: Kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00e9 rie\u0161enia len ur\u00fdchlia de\u0161trukciu plan\u00e9ty<\/span><\/i> [online]. Interez.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.interez.sk\/caputova-na-klimatickom-samite-v-egypte-kratkozrake-riesenia-len-urychlia-destrukciu-planety\/?fbclid=IwAR1fp3ndfXEd-Jfmn_lpIo2aCehk3_xWWAYBFO6MqXpepCnHWHbgJW__jX0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

KNELL, Yolande. <\/span>COP27: Egypt pressed to make human rights move before climate summit<\/span><\/i> [online]. Bbc.com, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63086209<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

PREZIDENT.SK. <\/span>Prezidentka na klimatickej konferencii OSN: Je \u010das kona\u0165<\/span><\/i> [online]. Prezident.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.prezident.sk\/article\/prezidentka-na-klimatickej-konferencii-osn-je-cas-konat\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

RANNARD, Georgina. <\/span>COP27: Joe Biden issues climate rallying cry to world leaders<\/span><\/i> [online]. Bbc.com, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-63599415<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

RTVS.SK. <\/span>Partneri OSN ocenili slovensk\u00fd n\u00e1vrh klimatick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/span><\/i> [online]. Rtvs.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/spravy.rtvs.sk\/2022\/11\/partneri-osn-ocenili-slovensky-navrh-klimatickeho-zakona\/?fbclid=IwAR2vTVfp2_7CQUAciSHaKJAenB0ouu9QC_wlG6a1SwOizRWRd7NMf3XiUGY<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

RTVS.SK. <\/span>Medzi lobistami na klimatickej konferencii s\u00fa rusk\u00ed oligarchovia<\/span><\/i> [online]. Rtvs.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/spravy.rtvs.sk\/2022\/11\/medzi-lobistami-na-klimatickej-konferencii-su-ruski-oligarchovia\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

RTVS.SK. <\/span>Klimatick\u00e1 konferencia OSN v Egypte sa pravdepodobne pred\u013a\u017ei<\/span><\/i> [online]. Rtvs.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/spravy.rtvs.sk\/2022\/11\/klimaticka-konferencia-osn-v-egypte-sa-pravdepodobne-predlzi\/?fbclid=IwAR2vTVfp2_7CQUAciSHaKJAenB0ouu9QC_wlG6a1SwOizRWRd7NMf3XiUGY<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

STALLARD, Esme. <\/span>What is COP27 and why is it important? <\/span><\/i>[online]. Bbc.com, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-63316362<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

TASR. <\/span>Macron na COP27: \u010c\u00edna a USA musia tie\u017e nies\u0165 svoj diel zodpovednosti<\/span><\/i> [online]. Teraz.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.teraz.sk\/zahranicie\/macron-na-cop27-cina-a-usa-musia-tie\/672608-clanok.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

TA3.COM. <\/span>Klimatick\u00e1 konferencia COP27 schv\u00e1lila z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fa deklar\u00e1ciu, aj pomoc chudobn\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m <\/span><\/i>[online]. Ta3.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.ta3.com\/clanok\/251759\/klimaticka-konferencia-cop27-schvalila-zaverecnu-deklaraciu-aj-pomoc-chudobnym-krajinam<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

TERAZ.SK. <\/span>COP27: E\u00da ozna\u010dila n\u00e1vrh Egypta na uzatvorenie dohody za neprijate\u013en\u00fd <\/span><\/i>[online]. Teraz.sk, 2022. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/www.teraz.sk\/ekonomika\/cop27-eu-oznacila-navrh-egypta-na-uz\/675466-clanok.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

UNFCCC.INT. <\/span>The Paris Agreement<\/span><\/i> [online]. Unfccc.int. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/the-paris-agreement<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

UNFCCC.INT. <\/span>What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? <\/span><\/i>[online]. Unfccc.int. Dostupn\u00e9 z:<\/span> https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V nede\u013eu, 20. novembra 2022 bol ukon\u010den\u00fd 27. ro\u010dn\u00edk klimatickej konferencie Organiz\u00e1cie Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov, zn\u00e1my tie\u017e ako OSN COP27 (Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC), prijat\u00edm z\u00e1vere\u010dnej deklar\u00e1cie. Tentokr\u00e1t sa svetov\u00ed l\u00eddri a deleg\u00e1cie spolo\u010dne stretli v egyptskom Sharm El-Sheikh, ktor\u00fd z\u00edskal tohtoro\u010dn\u00e9 predsedn\u00edctvo na usporiadanie tejto klimatickej konferencie. T\u00e1 sa konala od 6. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analyzy"],"yoast_head":"\nCOP27: \u00daspech alebo sklamanie? - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=275\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COP27: \u00daspech alebo sklamanie? - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V nede\u013eu, 20. novembra 2022 bol ukon\u010den\u00fd 27. ro\u010dn\u00edk klimatickej konferencie Organiz\u00e1cie Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov, zn\u00e1my tie\u017e ako OSN COP27 (Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC), prijat\u00edm z\u00e1vere\u010dnej deklar\u00e1cie. Tentokr\u00e1t sa svetov\u00ed l\u00eddri a deleg\u00e1cie spolo\u010dne stretli v egyptskom Sharm El-Sheikh, ktor\u00fd z\u00edskal tohtoro\u010dn\u00e9 predsedn\u00edctvo na usporiadanie tejto klimatickej konferencie. T\u00e1 sa konala od 6. 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