{"id":1478,"date":"2026-10-28T15:33:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T14:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=1478"},"modified":"2026-10-28T15:35:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T14:35:34","slug":"politika-silneho-muza-ako-maskulinita-a-obraz-ochrancu-pomahaju-budovat-politicku-moc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=1478","title":{"rendered":"Politika \u201esiln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea\u201c: Ako maskulinita a obraz ochrancu pom\u00e1haj\u00fa budova\u0165 politick\u00fa moc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vladimir Putin a Donald Trump predstavuj\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 politick\u00e9 modely, no v ich sebaprezent\u00e1cii mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 prvky. Obaja vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa obraz rozhodn\u00e9ho vodcu, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 n\u00e1rod pred vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi aj vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi hrozbami. Pr\u00e1ve predstavy sily, kontroly a ochrany sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnej politike st\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom legitimiz\u00e1cie osobnej autority.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 politika \u010del\u00ed viacer\u00fdm faktorom, ktor\u00e9 nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa doteraj\u0161ie predstavy o stabilite. Vojensk\u00e9 konflikty, n\u00e1vrat mocenskej rivality, migra\u010dn\u00e9 kr\u00edzy, ekonomick\u00e9 otrasy a rast\u00faca politick\u00e1 polariz\u00e1cia prispievaj\u00fa k prostrediu glob\u00e1lnej neistoty. V tak\u00fdchto podmienkach nadob\u00fadaj\u00fa na v\u00fdzname politick\u00e9 modely, ktor\u00e9 zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa siln\u00fa suverenitu, ochranu hran\u00edc a rozhodn\u00e9 vedenie \u0161t\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm z nich je fenom\u00e9n takzvan\u00e9ho \u201esiln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea\u201c. Ide o model personalizovan\u00e9ho l\u00edderstva, v ktorom sa politick\u00e1 autorita s\u00fastre\u010fuje na osobu vodcu. Ten sa prezentuje ako ochranca n\u00e1roda, zosobnenie \u0161t\u00e1tu a predstavite\u013e schopn\u00fd reagova\u0165 na hrozby bez zbyto\u010dn\u00fdch prie\u0165ahov.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri budovan\u00ed tak\u00e9hoto obrazu zohr\u00e1va maskulinita. V tomto kontexte nejde iba o biologick\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu, ale o spolo\u010densky vytv\u00e1ran\u00fa predstavu mu\u017enosti, s ktorou sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa vlastnosti ako rozhodnos\u0165, tvrdos\u0165, dominancia a schopnos\u0165 ochra\u0148ova\u0165.<\/p>\n

Sila ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 politickej legitimity<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Predstava siln\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho vodcu vych\u00e1dza z ur\u010dit\u00fdch spolo\u010densk\u00fdch o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed. Vlastnosti ako nekompromisnos\u0165, kontrola a rozhodnos\u0165 sa \u010dasto sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s predstavou \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho vedenia \u0161t\u00e1tu. Maskulinita sa tak m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 symbolick\u00fdm zdrojom politickej legitimity.<\/p>\n

Koncept hegemonickej maskulinity vysvet\u013euje, pre\u010do je ur\u010dit\u00fd ide\u00e1l mu\u017enosti v spolo\u010dnosti pova\u017eovan\u00fd za dominantn\u00fd a najviac uzn\u00e1van\u00fd. Nejde pritom o vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 by automaticky charakterizovali v\u0161etk\u00fdch mu\u017eov, ale o spolo\u010densk\u00fd vzor, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1ha ur\u010dova\u0165 predstavy o autorite a moci.<\/p>\n

S t\u00fdm s\u00favis\u00ed aj te\u00f3ria performativity Judith Butlerovej. Identita sa pod\u013ea nej vytv\u00e1ra opakovan\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010dinov, prejavov a gest. V politike to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee obraz siln\u00e9ho vodcu nevznik\u00e1 iba na z\u00e1klade jeho form\u00e1lnej funkcie. L\u00edder ho neust\u00e1le buduje prostredn\u00edctvom verejn\u00fdch vyst\u00fapen\u00ed, jazyka, symbolov a sp\u00f4sobu komunik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Politick\u00e1 sila sa preto neprejavuje iba prij\u00edman\u00edm rozhodnut\u00ed. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je aj to, ako sa l\u00edder prezentuje pred verejnos\u0165ou a ak\u00fd obraz autority sa mu dar\u00ed vytv\u00e1ra\u0165.<\/p>\n

Tento mechanizmus mo\u017eno prepoji\u0165 s Weberov\u00fdm konceptom charizmatickej autority. T\u00e1 je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na viere nasledovn\u00edkov vo v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti vodcu. Autorita tak nevych\u00e1dza iba zo z\u00e1konov a in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed, ale aj z osobn\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu medzi l\u00eddrom a jeho podporovate\u013emi.<\/p>\n

Vladimir Putin: Vodca ako ochranca \u0161t\u00e1tu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Vladimir Putin predstavuje pr\u00edklad politick\u00e9ho l\u00eddra, ktor\u00e9ho obraz siln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea sa dlhodobo buduje prostredn\u00edctvom vizu\u00e1lnej aj diskurz\u00edvnej sebaprezent\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Jeho verejn\u00fd obraz \u010dasto sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z\u00e1bery zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00face fyzick\u00fa silu, discipl\u00ednu a odolnos\u0165. \u0160portov\u00e9 aktivity, vojensk\u00e9 cvi\u010denia \u010di pobyt v pr\u00edrode vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa predstavu vodcu, ktor\u00fd je telesne aj politicky zdatn\u00fd a dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Putinovej politickej legitimity je aj vykres\u013eovanie Ruska ako krajiny vystavenej neust\u00e1lemu vonkaj\u0161iemu tlaku. Narat\u00edv takzvanej \u201eobliehanej pevnosti\u201c, ktor\u00fd sa v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie presadil najm\u00e4 po roku 2014, zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje ohrozenie zo strany vonkaj\u0161\u00edch akt\u00e9rov. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 opatrenia a centraliz\u00e1cia moci sa v takomto r\u00e1mci prezentuj\u00fa ako nevyhnutn\u00e1 obrana n\u00e1rodnej integrity.<\/p>\n

Putinova komunik\u00e1cia z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyu\u017e\u00edva predstavu konfliktu medzi Ruskom a takzvan\u00fdm dekadentn\u00fdm Z\u00e1padom. Rusko je v tomto obraze vykres\u013eovan\u00e9 ako ochranca tradi\u010dn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t, zatia\u013e \u010do Z\u00e1pad predstavuje civiliza\u010dn\u00fa a ideologick\u00fa hrozbu.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tejto strat\u00e9gie s\u00fa aj rodovo podmienen\u00e9 prejavy a zneva\u017eovanie politick\u00fdch protivn\u00edkov. Pr\u00edkladom je Putinovo vyjadrenie o Ukrajine, ktor\u00fa v s\u00favislosti s minsk\u00fdmi dohodami prirovnal ku \u201ekr\u00e1savici\u201c, ktor\u00e1 sa mus\u00ed podriadi\u0165. Tak\u00e1to r\u00e9torika stavia druh\u00fa stranu do poz\u00edcie slab\u0161ieho akt\u00e9ra a posil\u0148uje obraz Ruska ako dominantn\u00e9ho ochrancu.<\/p>\n

Politick\u00fd konflikt sa t\u00fdm neprezentuje iba ako spor medzi \u0161t\u00e1tmi. Nadob\u00fada podobu \u0161ir\u0161ieho z\u00e1pasu o n\u00e1rodn\u00fa identitu, hodnoty a predstavu spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho poriadku.<\/p>\n

Donald Trump: R\u00e9torika dominancie a permanentnej kr\u00edzy<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Donald Trump predstavuje odli\u0161n\u00fd sp\u00f4sob budovania obrazu siln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea. Jeho politick\u00e1 sebaprezent\u00e1cia nestoj\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na demon\u0161tr\u00e1cii fyzickej zdatnosti, ale na podnikate\u013eskej dravosti, r\u00e9torike dominancie a predstave neust\u00e1leho v\u00ed\u0165azstva.<\/p>\n

Trump sa prezentuje ako \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd vyjedn\u00e1va\u010d, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 z\u00e1ujmy be\u017en\u00fdch Ameri\u010danov pred glob\u00e1lnymi elitami a washingtonskou byrokraciou. Svoj politick\u00fd obraz stavia na presved\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee kona\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie ne\u017e existuj\u00face in\u0161tit\u00facie.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm prvkom jeho komunik\u00e1cie je r\u00e1mcovanie politickej reality ako permanentnej kr\u00edzy. T\u00e9my, ako s\u00fa priemyseln\u00fd \u00fapadok \u010di migr\u00e1cia, prezentuje ako z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 ohrozenia, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa r\u00e1zne rie\u0161enia. Be\u017en\u00e9 politick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky sa tak pos\u00favaj\u00fa do roviny n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Tento sp\u00f4sob komunik\u00e1cie posil\u0148uje obraz vodcu, ktor\u00fd sa neboj\u00ed prekra\u010dova\u0165 zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a diplomatick\u00e9 konvencie. Jeho zn\u00e1my v\u00fdrok \u201eI alone can fix it\u201c vystihuje mieru personaliz\u00e1cie moci a predstavu, \u017ee rie\u0161enie politick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov z\u00e1vis\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm od samotn\u00e9ho l\u00eddra.<\/p>\n

Trump vyu\u017e\u00edva aj zneva\u017eovanie politick\u00fdch oponentov. Prez\u00fdvky ako \u201eLow Energy Jeb\u201c, \u201eLittle Marco\u201c \u010di \u201eSleepy Joe\u201c spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa ich vitalitu a schopnos\u0165 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 politick\u00fa funkciu. Politick\u00fd s\u00faboj sa t\u00fdm \u010diasto\u010dne men\u00ed na s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e o obraz sily a slabosti.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fa symbolick\u00fa funkciu m\u00e1 aj s\u013eub v\u00fdstavby m\u00faru na hranici s Mexikom. Nejde iba o infra\u0161trukt\u00farny projekt, ale aj o obraz ochrany hran\u00edc a obnovenia kontroly nad n\u00e1rodn\u00fdm priestorom.<\/p>\n

Spolo\u010dn\u00e9 prvky odli\u0161n\u00fdch politick\u00fdch modelov<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hoci Vladimir Putin a Donald Trump p\u00f4sobia v odli\u0161n\u00fdch politick\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa rozdielne formy sebaprezent\u00e1cie, ich politick\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl vykazuje viacero spolo\u010dn\u00fdch \u010d\u0155t.<\/p>\n

Obaja pracuj\u00fa s rozdelen\u00edm spolo\u010dnosti na \u201emy\u201c a \u201eoni\u201c. Vlastn\u00fa skupinu prezentuj\u00fa pozit\u00edvne, zatia\u013e \u010do protivn\u00edkov vykres\u013euj\u00fa ako hrozbu, prek\u00e1\u017eku alebo predstavite\u013eov skorumpovan\u00fdch el\u00edt. Tak\u00e9to rozdelenie premie\u0148a politick\u00fa s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e na mor\u00e1lny konflikt.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm prvkom je aj odmietanie kompromisu. V prostred\u00ed, kde sa politick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky prezentuj\u00fa ako existen\u010dn\u00e9 hrozby, sa \u00fastupky m\u00f4\u017eu javi\u0165 ako prejav slabosti. Rozhodnos\u0165 a tvrdos\u0165 naopak posil\u0148uj\u00fa obraz vodcu, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 situ\u00e1ciu pod kontrolou.<\/p>\n

Obaja l\u00eddri tak vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa maskul\u00ednne narat\u00edvy ako symbolick\u00fd zdroj moci. Ich autorita sa neopiera iba o politick\u00fa funkciu, ale aj o opakovan\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ranie obrazu ochrancu a rozhodn\u00e9ho predstavite\u013ea n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je model siln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea v \u010dase neistoty pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00fd?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivos\u0165 tohto modelu s\u00favis\u00ed aj s konceptom ontologickej bezpe\u010dnosti. Ten ozna\u010duje potrebu jednotlivcov a spolo\u010dnost\u00ed zachov\u00e1va\u0165 pocit kontinuity, stability a predv\u00eddate\u013enosti.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 prostredie jav\u00ed ako nestabiln\u00e9 a nepreh\u013eadn\u00e9, rastie v\u00fdznam predst\u00e1v o jasn\u00fdch hraniciach, suverenite a bezpe\u010dnosti. Zlo\u017eit\u00e9 politick\u00e9 procesy sa v takomto prostred\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu javi\u0165 ako \u0165a\u017eko uchopite\u013en\u00e9 a demokratick\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie so svojimi proced\u00farami a kompromismi nemusia poskytova\u0165 okam\u017eit\u00fd pocit istoty.<\/p>\n

Model siln\u00e9ho vodcu pon\u00faka jednoduch\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edbeh. Namiesto zlo\u017eitej reality predstavuje jasn\u00e9 rozdelenie na hrozby a ochrancov, na vlastn\u00fa skupinu a jej protivn\u00edkov. L\u00edder sa v tomto r\u00e1mci st\u00e1va symbolick\u00fdm stabiliza\u010dn\u00fdm bodom.<\/p>\n

Nejde pritom iba o konkr\u00e9tne politick\u00e9 s\u013euby. V\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va aj emocion\u00e1lny \u00fa\u010dinok tak\u00e9hoto l\u00edderstva. Jazyk sily, ochrany a kontroly m\u00f4\u017ee vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 subjekt\u00edvny pocit, \u017ee \u0161t\u00e1t a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 maj\u00fa op\u00e4\u0165 pevn\u00e9 vedenie.<\/p>\n

Personaliz\u00e1cia moci a d\u00f4sledky pre demokraciu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Politika siln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea v\u0161ak prin\u00e1\u0161a aj v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky pre fungovanie demokratick\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ak sa politick\u00e1 legitimita pres\u00fava od procedur\u00e1lnych pravidiel a in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed k osobe l\u00eddra, kontroln\u00e9 mechanizmy sa m\u00f4\u017eu za\u010da\u0165 vykres\u013eova\u0165 ako prek\u00e1\u017eky efekt\u00edvneho rozhodovania. S\u00fady, parlament \u010di slobodn\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 sa v takomto diskurze m\u00f4\u017eu ocitn\u00fa\u0165 v poz\u00edcii protivn\u00edkov vodcu, ktor\u00fd sa prezentuje ako jedin\u00fd autentick\u00fd predstavite\u013e v\u00f4le n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n

Personaliz\u00e1cia moci tak vytv\u00e1ra nap\u00e4tie s princ\u00edpmi liber\u00e1lneho pr\u00e1vneho \u0161t\u00e1tu. Charizmatick\u00e1 autorita s\u00edce m\u00f4\u017ee v \u010dase neistoty poskytova\u0165 pocit stability, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslabuje v\u00fdznam neosobn\u00fdch pravidiel a in\u0161titucion\u00e1lnych b\u0155zd a protiv\u00e1h.<\/p>\n

Fenom\u00e9n \u201esiln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea\u201c preto nemo\u017eno vn\u00edma\u0165 iba ako osobn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl jednotliv\u00fdch politikov. Predstavuje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob legitimiz\u00e1cie politickej moci, v ktorom sa predstavy maskulinity, ochrany a rozhodnosti prep\u00e1jaj\u00fa s geopolitick\u00fdm diskurzom a personalizovan\u00fdm l\u00edderstvom.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpadov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie Vladimira Putina a Donalda Trumpa ukazuj\u00fa, ako sa tento model prejavuje v rozdielnych politick\u00fdch prostrediach. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa ot\u00e1zku s\u00fa\u010dasnej politiky: ak sa d\u00f4vera v stabilitu \u0161t\u00e1tu za\u010dne s\u00fastre\u010fova\u0165 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na osobu vodcu, ak\u00fd priestor zostane pre in\u0161tit\u00facie, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa zabezpe\u010dova\u0165 demokratick\u00fa kontrolu moci?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vladimir Putin a Donald Trump predstavuj\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 politick\u00e9 modely, no v ich sebaprezent\u00e1cii mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 prvky. Obaja vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa obraz rozhodn\u00e9ho vodcu, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 n\u00e1rod pred vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi aj vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi hrozbami. Pr\u00e1ve predstavy sily, kontroly a ochrany sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnej politike st\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom legitimiz\u00e1cie osobnej autority. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 politika \u010del\u00ed viacer\u00fdm faktorom, ktor\u00e9 nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analyzy","category-komentare"],"yoast_head":"\nPolitika \u201esiln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea\u201c: Ako maskulinita a obraz ochrancu pom\u00e1haj\u00fa budova\u0165 politick\u00fa moc - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=1478\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Politika \u201esiln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea\u201c: Ako maskulinita a obraz ochrancu pom\u00e1haj\u00fa budova\u0165 politick\u00fa moc - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vladimir Putin a Donald Trump predstavuj\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 politick\u00e9 modely, no v ich sebaprezent\u00e1cii mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 prvky. Obaja vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa obraz rozhodn\u00e9ho vodcu, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 n\u00e1rod pred vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi aj vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi hrozbami. Pr\u00e1ve predstavy sily, kontroly a ochrany sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnej politike st\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom legitimiz\u00e1cie osobnej autority. 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