{"id":1348,"date":"2025-01-31T18:19:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-31T17:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=1348"},"modified":"2025-02-01T18:20:22","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T17:20:22","slug":"prinosy-a-bariery-europskych-projektov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=1348","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00ednosy a bari\u00e9ry eur\u00f3pskych projektov"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u00davod<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eur\u00f3pske projekty ako Erasmus+ a \u010fal\u0161ie iniciat\u00edvy Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie (E\u00da) s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi podpory mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v oblasti vzdel\u00e1vania, zamestnanosti a soci\u00e1lnej integr\u00e1cie. Sk\u00famame, ako tieto projekty prispievaj\u00fa k\u202fzlep\u0161eniu odborn\u00fdch, jazykov\u00fdch a\u202fsoci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov, posilneniu ich mobility a\u202fosobnostn\u00e9ho rastu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zis\u0165ujeme, ak\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a\u202fobmedzenia \u010delia \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci t\u00fdchto programov. Tieto programy pom\u00e1haj\u00fa mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom rozv\u00edja\u0165 odborn\u00e9, jazykov\u00e9 a soci\u00e1lne zru\u010dnosti, podporuj\u00fa ich mobilitu a zvy\u0161uj\u00fa ich konkurencieschopnos\u0165 na pracovnom trhu. Napriek mnoh\u00fdm pr\u00ednosom \u010delia \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci viacer\u00fdm prek\u00e1\u017ekam, ktor\u00e9 im br\u00e1nia plne vyu\u017ei\u0165 mo\u017enosti t\u00fdchto programov.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nok sa zameriava na sk\u00famanie pr\u00ednosov a efekt\u00edvnosti t\u00fdchto programov, ako aj na v\u00fdzvy, s ktor\u00fdmi sa \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa, a pon\u00faka odpor\u00fa\u010dania na ich zlep\u0161enie. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom je identifikova\u0165 a zhodnoti\u0165 vplyv t\u00fdchto projektov na rozvoj ml\u00e1de\u017ee a na zv\u00fd\u0161enie ich mo\u017enost\u00ed uplatnenia v medzin\u00e1rodnom prostred\u00ed. V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky sa s\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa na to, ako tieto projekty prispievaj\u00fa k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu mobility a zru\u010dnost\u00ed mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed a ak\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry im v tom br\u00e1nia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nok je rozdelen\u00fd do piatich hlavn\u00fdch kapitol. Prv\u00e1 kapitola poskytuje teoretick\u00fd r\u00e1mec a\u202fvenuje sa opisu iniciat\u00edvy E\u00da v\u202foblasti ml\u00e1de\u017ee a ciele programov ako Erasmus+&nbsp; a\u202fich \u00falohu pri rozvoji soci\u00e1lnych a\u202fodborn\u00fdch kompetenci\u00ed. Druh\u00e1 kapitola je zameran\u00e1 na sk\u00famanie \u00fadajov a\u202fv\u00fdsledkov z\u00edskan\u00fdch z\u202fdotazn\u00edkov a\u202f\u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Obsahuje \u0161tatistick\u00e9 \u00fadaje o\u202f\u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkoch, prek\u00e1\u017ekach a\u202fbari\u00e9rach ktor\u00fdm \u010delili ako aj n\u00e1vrhom a diskusii. Tretia kapitola sa venuje identifik\u00e1cii vplyvu E\u00da projektov na oblasti ako je rozvoj zru\u010dnost\u00ed a\u202fmobility u\u202fmlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. \u0160pecifikuje sa na \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 projekty ako aj na konkr\u00e9tne pr\u00ednosy. Pozornos\u0165 sa venuje zamestnanosti mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed a\u202fkorel\u00e1ciou s\u202fprojektmi E\u00da. \u0160tvrt\u00e1 kapitola je zameran\u00e1 na identifik\u00e1ciu bari\u00e9ra v\u00fdziev ktor\u00fdm mlad\u00ed \u013eudia \u010delia. D\u00f4raz sa kladie na bari\u00e9ry spojen\u00e9 s\u202ffinancovan\u00ed, organiz\u00e1ciou alebo r\u00f4znymi soci\u00e1lnymi a\u202fkult\u00farnymi rozdielmi. Piata kapitola sumarizuje zistenia, navrhuje odpor\u00fa\u010dania na zlep\u0161enie efektivity t\u00fdchto programov a\u202fich prisp\u00f4sobenie aktu\u00e1lnych potreb\u00e1m ml\u00e1de\u017ee. V\u00fdsledkom je praktick\u00fd s\u00fabor opatren\u00ed na podporu \u00faspe\u0161nej implement\u00e1cie eur\u00f3pskych projektov, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dia ich maxim\u00e1lny pr\u00ednos pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed a\u202fich uplatnenie na pracovnom trhu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Teoretick\u00e9 v\u00fdchodisk\u00e1\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Mlad\u00ed \u013eudia predstavuj\u00fa jednu z\u202fnajv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch skup\u00edn, na ktor\u00fa sa E\u00da zameriava pri tvorbe svojich polit\u00edk a\u202fprogramov. Invest\u00edcie do rozvoja mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre bud\u00facnos\u0165 Eur\u00f3py, preto\u017ee pr\u00e1ve oni tvoria z\u00e1klady pre inovat\u00edvne, s\u00fadr\u017en\u00e9 a\u202fprosperuj\u00face spolo\u010dnosti. V\u202fkontexte r\u00fdchlych glob\u00e1lnych zmien, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa technologick\u00fd pokrok, klimatick\u00e1 kr\u00edza \u010di ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 podporova\u0165 mlad\u00fdch v\u202fz\u00edskavan\u00ed zru\u010dnost\u00ed, sk\u00fasenosti a\u202fpr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed na medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Politiky E\u00da zameran\u00e9 na podporu ml\u00e1de\u017ee\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u00da sa vo svojich programoch zameriava na vzdel\u00e1vanie, odborn\u00fa pr\u00edpravu, ml\u00e1de\u017e a \u0161port. Cie\u013eom t\u00fdchto programov, ako s\u00fa Erasmus+ a Eur\u00f3psky zbor solidarity, je posilni\u0165 eur\u00f3psky rozmer, podpori\u0165 mobilitu a medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu. Vzdel\u00e1vanie a odborn\u00e1 pr\u00edprava s\u00fa pod\u013ea E\u00da ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre hospod\u00e1rstvo, ktor\u00e9 je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na vedomostiach. Rovnako to plat\u00ed aj pre ml\u00e1de\u017en\u00edcke a \u0161portov\u00e9 aktivity, preto\u017ee tieto oblasti pom\u00e1haj\u00fa rozvoju, rastu a tvorbe nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest. V\u00fdsledkom je kvalifikovan\u00e1 a flexibiln\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 sila.&nbsp; <sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u00da dop\u013a\u0148a snahy \u010dlensk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, pri\u010dom re\u0161pektuje ich zodpovednos\u0165 za obsah vzdel\u00e1vania a organiz\u00e1ciu \u0161kolsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. Cie\u013eom je vytvori\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fd eur\u00f3psky vzdel\u00e1vac\u00ed priestor, v ktorom bude ma\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edstup ku kvalitn\u00e9mu vzdel\u00e1vaniu a odbornej pr\u00edprave. Do roku 2025 by sa malo sta\u0165 be\u017en\u00fdm, \u017ee \u0161tudenti a u\u010ditelia bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 jednoducho prech\u00e1dza\u0165 medzi syst\u00e9mami vzdel\u00e1vania v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch E\u00da. Tie\u017e by sa mala podporova\u0165 celo\u017eivotn\u00e1 forma vzdel\u00e1vania.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pand\u00e9mia COVID-19 uk\u00e1zala, ak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je rie\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdzvy v digit\u00e1lnom vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed. Preto E\u00da vypracovala ak\u010dn\u00fd pl\u00e1n digit\u00e1lneho vzdel\u00e1vania na roky 2021 \u2013 2027. Tento pl\u00e1n m\u00e1 pom\u00f4c\u0165 krajin\u00e1m E\u00da prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ich vzdel\u00e1vacie syst\u00e9my tak, aby lep\u0161ie fungovali v digit\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed a boli udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 aj do bud\u00facnosti.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Programy a\u202finiciat\u00edvy na podporu ml\u00e1de\u017ee\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Strat\u00e9gia E\u00da pre ml\u00e1de\u017e ur\u010duje, ako bud\u00fa krajiny E\u00da spolupracova\u0165 na t\u00e9mach t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v rokoch 2019 \u2013 2027. Bola schv\u00e1len\u00e1 26. novembra 2018. Jej cie\u013eom je \u010do najlep\u0161ie vyu\u017ei\u0165 potenci\u00e1l politiky v oblasti ml\u00e1de\u017ee. T\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia podporuje \u00fa\u010das\u0165 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed na demokratickom \u017eivote, posil\u0148uje ich zapojenie do spolo\u010densk\u00fdch a ob\u010dianskych aktiv\u00edt a sna\u017e\u00ed sa zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd mlad\u00fd \u010dlovek mal pr\u00edstup k potrebn\u00fdm zdrojom na akt\u00edvne zapojenie sa do spolo\u010dnosti.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Strat\u00e9gia sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na tri hlavn\u00e9 oblasti: zap\u00e1ja\u0165, sp\u00e1ja\u0165 a posil\u0148ova\u0165. Tieto princ\u00edpy sa uplat\u0148uj\u00fa vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. V rokoch 2017 \u2013 2018 sa konal dial\u00f3g s mlad\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi z celej Eur\u00f3py, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledkom bolo stanovenie 11 hlavn\u00fdch cie\u013eov pre ml\u00e1de\u017e. Tieto ciele identifikuj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eivot mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, a upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na v\u00fdzvy, ktor\u00fdm \u010delia. Cie\u013eom strat\u00e9gie je podporova\u0165 realiz\u00e1ciu tejto v\u00edzie.<sup>2<\/sup> V\u202fj\u00fani 2021 sa prvou koordin\u00e1torkou E\u00da pre ml\u00e1de\u017e stala Biliana Sirakov\u00e1. Jej \u00falohou je posil\u0148ova\u0165 medzi-sektorov\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu v\u202fKomisii.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na splnenie stanoven\u00fdch cie\u013eov sa vyu\u017e\u00edva t\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia r\u00f4zne n\u00e1stroje, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aktivity na vz\u00e1jomne u\u010denie\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pl\u00e1novanie vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych \u010dinnost\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eur\u00f3psky dial\u00f3g s\u202fml\u00e1de\u017eou\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi programy ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa financovan\u00e9 E\u00da pre ml\u00e1de\u017e a\u202fktor\u00fdmi sa t\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca venuje a\u202fzaober\u00e1 s\u00fa Erasmus+ a\u202fEur\u00f3psky zbor solidarity. Erasmus+ je program Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, ktor\u00fd podporuje celo\u017eivotn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie a pom\u00e1ha \u013eu\u010fom rozv\u00edja\u0165 sa v oblasti vzdel\u00e1vania, profesie aj osobn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Zameriava sa na vzdel\u00e1vanie, odborn\u00fa pr\u00edpravu, ml\u00e1de\u017e a \u0161port v Eur\u00f3pe aj mimo nej. Tento program prispieva k udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9mu rozvoju, vytv\u00e1raniu kvalitn\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest a soci\u00e1lnej s\u00fadr\u017enosti. Podporuje inov\u00e1cie, posil\u0148uje eur\u00f3psku identitu a podporuje akt\u00edvne ob\u010dianstvo. Erasmus+ u\u017e mili\u00f3nom ob\u010danov E\u00da poskytol pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na nezabudnute\u013en\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 im zmenila \u017eivot. Program podporuje r\u00f4zne aktivity, ako s\u00fa mobility na vzdel\u00e1vanie, spolupr\u00e1ca medzi organiz\u00e1ciami a reformy polit\u00edk. Erasmus bol zalo\u017een\u00fd v roku 1987 ako v\u00fdmenn\u00fd program pre \u0161tudentov vysok\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V prvom roku sa zapojilo 3 200 \u0161tudentov z 11 kraj\u00edn (Belgicko, D\u00e1nsko, Nemecko, Gr\u00e9cko, Franc\u00fazsko, \u00cdrsko, Taliansko, Holandsko, Portugalsko, \u0160panielsko a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo). Odvtedy sa program neust\u00e1le rozv\u00edja.<sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u202fprogramu patr\u00ed taktie\u017e aj projekt DiscoverEU, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje spozn\u00e1va\u0165 Eur\u00f3pu, objavova\u0165 kult\u00farne dedi\u010dstvo a\u202fhist\u00f3riu ako aj stret\u00e1va\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed z\u202fr\u00f4znych kontinentov. Pri tomto projekte sa d\u00e1 z\u00edska\u0165 cestovn\u00fd poukaz, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje cestova\u0165 v\u00fdhodne vlakom, z\u00edskava\u0165 z\u013eavy na kult\u00farne akcie, vzdel\u00e1vacie aktivity, \u0161port a\u202fubytovanie a\u202fstravu. Zapoji\u0165 sa d\u00e1 pomocou prihl\u00e1\u0161ky a\u202fkandid\u00e1t mus\u00ed sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 iba nieko\u013eko podmienok ako je vek osemn\u00e1stych rokov a\u202fob\u010dianstvo alebo trval\u00fd pobyt v\u202f\u010dlenskom \u0161t\u00e1te E\u00da vr\u00e1tane kraj\u00edn ako N\u00f3rsko, Srbsko, Turecko, Severn\u00e9 Maced\u00f3nsko, Lichten\u0161tajnsko a\u202fIsland.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri projekte Eur\u00f3psky zbor solidarity, organiz\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00edska\u0165 kvalifika\u010dn\u00fd certifik\u00e1t, ktor\u00fd potvrdzuje, \u017ee organiz\u00e1cia zapojen\u00e1 do zboru je schopn\u00e1 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom vhodn\u00e9 podmienky na zapojenie sa do aktiv\u00edt solidarity. Certifik\u00e1t sa z\u00edskava na dobrovo\u013en\u00edcke aktivity, a\u202fto bu\u010f s\u202f\u00falohou podpory, alebo ako hostite\u013e. Toto umo\u017e\u0148uje, mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na projektoch ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00ednosn\u00e9 pre komunity v\u202fzahrani\u010d\u00ed alebo ich domovskej krajine. Pom\u00e1haj\u00fa im z\u00edskava\u0165 obohacuj\u00face sk\u00fasenosti, pr\u00edle\u017eitosti dosiahnu\u0165 zmenu ako aj rozv\u00edja\u0165 svoje zru\u010dnosti a\u202fkompetencie.<sup>4<\/sup> Mlad\u00ed \u013eudia sa musia len zaregistrova\u0165 na port\u00e1li Eur\u00f3pskeho zboru solidarity. Tento projekt riadi Eur\u00f3pska komisia.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie iniciat\u00edvy ktor\u00e9 E\u00da pon\u00faka mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom patria:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Z\u00e1ruka pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eur\u00f3psky port\u00e1l pre ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eur\u00f3psky t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 ml\u00e1de\u017ee\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u00fa\u0165a\u017e Zouth4Regions\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Defin\u00edcia k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch pojmov\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Popis konceptov ako rozvoj zru\u010dnosti a\u202fmobilita a\u202fdefin\u00edcia teoretick\u00fdch z\u00e1kladov.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vnym z\u00e1kladom \u010dinnosti E\u00da v\u202foblasti ml\u00e1de\u017ee s\u00fa \u010dl\u00e1nky 165 a\u202f166 Zmluvy o\u202ffungovan\u00ed Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie (ZFE\u00da). Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania podporuje rozvoj kvalitn\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania spolupr\u00e1cou a doplnen\u00edm \u010dinnost\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, pri\u010dom re\u0161pektuje ich kult\u00farnu a jazykov\u00fa rozmanitos\u0165 a zodpovednos\u0165 za vzdel\u00e1vacie syst\u00e9my. V oblasti \u0161portu podporuje jeho spolo\u010densk\u00fd a vzdel\u00e1vac\u00ed pr\u00ednos, s oh\u013eadom na jeho dobrovo\u013en\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladom modern\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vacieho syst\u00e9mu v\u202fEur\u00f3pe, ktor\u00fd pripravuje mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed na v\u00fdzvy glob\u00e1lneho sveta patr\u00ed koncept rozvoja zru\u010dnost\u00ed a\u202fmobility E\u00da pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 prvky pre ich osobn\u00fd a profesion\u00e1lny rast. Hlavn\u00fdm aspektmi s\u00fa celo\u017eivotn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie, \u010do znamen\u00e1 podporu vzdel\u00e1vania od z\u00e1kladnej \u00farovne a\u017e po \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie. Rozvoj digit\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00fd pripravuje mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed na digit\u00e1lnu transform\u00e1ciu prostredn\u00edctvom r\u00f4znych programov zameran\u00fdch na technologick\u00e9 kompetencie. V\u202fneposlednom rade aj rozvoj m\u00e4kk\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed ako s\u00fa t\u00edmov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, kritick\u00e9 myslenie a\u202finterkult\u00farna komunik\u00e1cia (proces v\u00fdmeny inform\u00e1cii, my\u0161lienok, pocitov a\u202fv\u00fdznamom medzi \u013eu\u010fmi poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi z\u202fr\u00f4znych kult\u00farnych prostred\u00ed). <sup>5<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u00da kladie d\u00f4raz aj na to aby pr\u00edstup k\u202fvzdel\u00e1vaniu bol bez rozdielu aj pre \u013eud\u00ed zo znev\u00fdhodnen\u00e9ho prostredia. Sna\u017e\u00ed sa aj o\u202fprepojenie vzdel\u00e1vania a\u202ftrhu pr\u00e1ce a\u202fto prostredn\u00edctvom ponuky odborn\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania a\u202frekvalifik\u00e1cie na z\u00e1klade aktu\u00e1lnych potrieb trhu pr\u00e1ce ako aj spolupr\u00e1cou s\u202ffirmami a\u202fin\u0161tit\u00faciami na vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed st\u00e1\u017ei, tr\u00e9ningov\u00fdch programov a\u202fnov\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch pr\u00edle\u017eitosti. Medzi k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd pojem patr\u00ed taktie\u017e aj podpora akt\u00edvneho ob\u010dianstva, ktor\u00e9 sa venuje vzdel\u00e1vaniu o\u202fdemokratick\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch a\u202f\u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vach a\u202ftaktie\u017e posil\u0148ovaniu \u00fa\u010dasti mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v\u202fkomunitn\u00fdch a\u202fob\u010dianskych aktivit\u00e1ch. <sup>6<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Metodol\u00f3gia v\u00fdskumu\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby sme mohli zbiera\u0165, sk\u00fama\u0165 a\u202fn\u00e1sledne interpretova\u0165 aktu\u00e1lne d\u00e1ta, rozhodli sme sa pou\u017ei\u0165 dotazn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd bol vypracovan\u00fd pri udalosti Eur\u00f3pskeho roka pre ml\u00e1de\u017e. Budeme vych\u00e1dza\u0165 z\u202fd\u00e1t ktor\u00e9 boli z\u00edskane v\u202fobdob\u00ed od 22. okt\u00f3bra \u2013 21. novembra 2021 a\u202fktor\u00e9ho sa z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 4\u202f686 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina respondentov bola vo veku 18 a\u017e 24 rokov 55,5%. 60,4% \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov sa identifikovalo ako \u017eensk\u00e9 pohlavie, 35,8% ako mu\u017esk\u00e9 a\u202fzvy\u0161n\u00fdch 3,8% zvolilo mo\u017enos\u0165 neodpoveda\u0165 na t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku.<sup>7<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na zabezpe\u010denie \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho a\u202fnajpestrej\u0161ieho mno\u017estva d\u00e1t, budeme vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj zhrnutie z\u00e1verov a\u202fn\u00e1zorov mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fd sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili \u201eEuropean Dream youth exchange\u201c organizovan\u00e9ho v\u202fm\u00e1ji 2016 prostredn\u00edctvom APIS Institute, financovan\u00e9ho programom Erasmus+ a\u202fsp\u00edsan\u00e9ho Sarou \u0160irnikovou, ktor\u00e1 bola projektovou koordin\u00e1torkou tohto projektu.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cie\u013eom v\u00fdskumu je uk\u00e1za\u0165 ako mlad\u00ed \u013eudia vn\u00edmaj\u00fa projekty E\u00da, \u010di sa na nich akt\u00edvne z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148uj\u00fa a\u202fak\u00e9 t\u00e9my ich najviac zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa. Zis\u0165ujeme aj \u010di E\u00da poskytuje dostato\u010dne pokrytie t\u00fdchto po\u017eiadaviek.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00fdber v\u00fdskumnej met\u00f3dy\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00fd dizajn ktor\u00fd sme zvolili je mie\u0161an\u00fd a\u202fteda kombin\u00e1cia kvantitat\u00edvnych a\u202fkvalitat\u00edvnych pr\u00edstupov. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa zameriavame na numerick\u00e9 \u00fadaje a\u202f\u0161tatistky (vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich prim\u00e1rne z\u202fdotazn\u00edka) ako aj na pochopenie javov a\u202fvzorcov a\u202finterpret\u00e1ciu d\u00e1t.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Subjekty zahrnut\u00e9 do v\u00fdskumu boli zvolen\u00e9 pod\u013ea \u0161pecifick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, medzi ktor\u00e9 patria vek, \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na projektoch E\u00da a\u202fstatus \u0161tudenta.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00a0 Zber a\u202finterpret\u00e1cia d\u00e1t\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/95aac196-c676-42d8-80f8-94bf0849e166\">&nbsp; Graf \u010d. 1: Particip\u00e1cia na programoch E\u00da&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Zdroj: Youth Europa: Report on the results of the call for ideas on the European Year of Youth&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prilo\u017een\u00fd graf \u010d. 1 zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje ko\u013eko mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed sa u\u017e malo mo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek programu alebo iniciat\u00edvy E\u00da. Z\u202fv\u00fdsledkov vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina op\u00fdtan\u00fdch (2882) sa nez\u00fa\u010dastnila \u017eiadneho poskytovan\u00e9ho programu alebo iniciat\u00edvy, pri\u010dom 216 respondentov si nie je ist\u00fdch. 1588 \u013eud\u00ed odpovedalo \u00e1no. Tieto \u010d\u00edsla poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee aj napriek mno\u017estvu projektov a\u202finiciat\u00edv ktor\u00e9 E\u00da pon\u00faka, ve\u013ea mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed aj tak nem\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 sa k\u202fn\u00edm dosta\u0165.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/47484b51-6d20-4028-bbf3-c6832e8e9d20\">Graf \u010d. 2: T\u00e9my eur\u00f3pskeho roku ml\u00e1de\u017ee&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdroj: Youth Europa: Report on the results of the call for ideas on the European Year of Youth&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Graf \u010d. 2 zobrazuje na ak\u00e9 t\u00e9my by sa mal projekt \u201eEuropean Year of youth\u201c zameriava\u0165 a\u202fs\u00fastredi\u0165. Medzi najviac zvolen\u00e9 odpovede patr\u00ed vzdel\u00e1vanie a\u202f\u0161kolenie. Touto t\u00e9mou sa E\u00da zaober\u00e1 a\u202fvenuje najviac, ako poukazuje mno\u017estvo projektov a\u202finiciat\u00edv u\u017e vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fdch. Nad 2000 respondentov si zvolilo t\u00e9my ako klimatick\u00e1 zmena a\u202f\u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, zdravie a\u202fment\u00e1lne zdravie ako aj t\u00e9mu inkluz\u00edvnych spolo\u010dnost\u00ed zahr\u0148uj\u00facu anti-diskrimin\u00e1ciu ako aj rodov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie. Program Erasmus+ taktie\u017e podporuje aktivity a\u202fprojekty v\u202foblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, energie a\u202fklimatickej zmeny, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa komplement\u00e1rnos\u0165 s\u202fopatren\u00edm E\u00da v\u202foblasti kl\u00edmy. <sup>8<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Projekt \u201eEuropean Dream youth exchange\u201c bol financovan\u00fd programom Erasmus+ a\u202forganizovan\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fatom APIS zo Slovinska s\u202fpartnersk\u00fdmi organiz\u00e1ciami z\u202fHolandska, Po\u013eska, Turecka a\u202fSevern\u00e9ho \u00cdrska. Na 9 dn\u00ed sa stretlo 25 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, aby diskutovali ich poh\u013eady na Eur\u00f3pu, E\u00da, demokraciu ako aj identitu a\u202fob\u010dianstvo. Po\u010das tohto stretnutia im boli polo\u017een\u00e9 r\u00f4zne ot\u00e1zky. Jedna z\u202fot\u00e1zok sa zameriavala na to, \u010di sa \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci c\u00edtia viacej prepojen\u00ed medzi sebou a\u202f\u010di im tak\u00fdto projekt prin\u00e1\u0161a nad\u0161enie do bud\u00facnosti. Jedna z\u202fodpoved\u00ed bola&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201eTo be European means to value fundamental human rights, and to respect values of different cultures. I\u202ffeel that everyone I\u202fmet on this exchange is my neighbor.\u201c<\/em><em><sup>9<\/sup><\/em><em><\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e1to odpove\u010f vystihuje ducha projektu, ktor\u00fd podporuje vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 porozumenie, re\u0161pekt a\u202fjednotu naprie\u010d hranicami. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci mali mo\u017enos\u0165 nielen spozna\u0165 nov\u00e9 kult\u00fary, ale aj vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 hlbok\u00e9 v\u00e4zby a\u202fuvedomova\u0165 si spolo\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty, ktor\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pu sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa. Tak\u00e9to projekty d\u00e1vaj\u00fa mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom nielen priestor na rozvoj osobn\u00fdch a\u202fsoci\u00e1lnych schopnost\u00ed, ale aj n\u00e1dej a\u202fin\u0161pir\u00e1ciu pre budovanie lep\u0161ej spolo\u010dnej bud\u00facnosti.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Identifik\u00e1cia vplyvu projektov E\u00da na rozvoj zru\u010dnosti a\u202fmobility mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania prostredn\u00edctvom svojich programov, ako s\u00fa Erasmus+, DiscoverEU, Eur\u00f3psky zbor solidarity \u010di \u010fal\u0161\u00edch iniciat\u00edv, poskytuje mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom jedine\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti na osobn\u00fd, profesion\u00e1lny a spolo\u010densk\u00fd rozvoj. Tieto projekty s\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00e9 tak, aby cielene podporovali k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 oblasti zru\u010dnost\u00ed a mobility, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed nevyhnutn\u00e9 v dne\u0161nom glob\u00e1lnom svete.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pr\u00ednosy projektov\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Projekty prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa pr\u00ednosy v\u202fhlavn\u00fdch troch kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ch ako s\u00fa odborn\u00e9, jazykov\u00e9 a\u202fsoci\u00e1lne zru\u010dnosti. Pri odborn\u00fdch zru\u010dnostiach ide najm\u00e4 o\u202fmo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 re\u00e1lne praktick\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti v\u202fr\u00f4znych oblastiach vr\u00e1tane vzdel\u00e1vania, IT, zdravotn\u00edctva a\u202fobchodu. \u00da\u010das\u0165ou na \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch st\u00e1\u017each, v\u00fdmen\u00e1ch alebo \u0161koleniach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa taktie\u017e financovan\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom Erasmus+ pre odborn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie, si mlad\u00ed \u013eudia zvy\u0161uj\u00fa svoje technick\u00e9 a\u202fprofesijn\u00e9 kompetencie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u010co sa t\u00fdka jazykov\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed, mnoh\u00e9 programy zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa jazykov\u00e9 kurzy alebo v\u00fdu\u010dbu cudz\u00edch jazykov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkom lep\u0161ie sa integrova\u0165 do cudzojazy\u010dn\u00e9ho prostredia. E\u00da taktie\u017e podporuje \u0161t\u00fadium a pr\u00e1cu v\u202fmultikult\u00farnom prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k\u202fzlep\u0161eniu si jazykov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane hovorenia, \u010d\u00edtania a\u202fp\u00edsania ako aj schopnosti efekt\u00edvne komunikova\u0165 s\u202f\u013eu\u010fmi z\u202fr\u00f4znych kraj\u00edn.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi soci\u00e1lne zru\u010dnosti patr\u00ed t\u00edmov\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca, seba-rozvoj, kritick\u00e9 myslenie ako aj budovanie siete kontaktov. Najm\u00e4 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 projekty motivuj\u00fa mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed aby spolupracovali v\u202fmultikult\u00farnych t\u00edmoch a\u202fv\u010faka tomu si zlep\u0161ovali schopnos\u0165 pracova\u0165 s\u202f\u013eu\u010fmi z\u202fr\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed. \u00da\u010das\u0165 na projektoch vy\u017eaduje od mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed aj prisp\u00f4sobenie sa nov\u00fdm situ\u00e1ci\u00e1m a\u202fv\u00fdzvam \u010do zvy\u0161uje budovanie odolnosti a\u202fsamostatnosti ako aj nadv\u00e4zovanie r\u00f4znych osobn\u00fdch a\u202fprofesion\u00e1lnych vz\u0165ahov.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vplyv na zv\u00fd\u0161enie zamestnanosti mlad\u00fdch\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre Radu Eur\u00f3py je zamestnanos\u0165 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, preto\u017ee pom\u00e1ha ich soci\u00e1lnemu za\u010dleneniu. Mlad\u00ed \u013eudia \u010dasto \u010delia probl\u00e9mom pri h\u013eadan\u00ed stabilnej pr\u00e1ce a z\u00edskavan\u00ed soci\u00e1lnej ochrany. Preto je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 pracovn\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa d\u00f4stojn\u00e9, a nie len kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 zmluvy alebo nekvalitn\u00e9 \u0161kolenia, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k ich vyl\u00fa\u010deniu zo spolo\u010dnosti. Tie\u017e je potrebn\u00e9 investova\u0165 do rozvoja \u013eudsk\u00fdch zdrojov a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 syst\u00e9my soci\u00e1lnej ochrany, ktor\u00e9 im pom\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1js\u0165 si zamestnanie.<sup>10<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eur\u00f3pska komisia v roku 2005 prijala Eur\u00f3psky pakt pre ml\u00e1de\u017e, ktor\u00fdm zd\u00f4raznila, \u017ee mlad\u00ed \u013eudia s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou strat\u00e9gie zameranej na rast a pracovn\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti. Tento pakt sa zameriava na zamestnanos\u0165, vzdelanie, mobilitu a zos\u00faladenie pracovn\u00e9ho a rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Nesk\u00f4r Komisia navrhla konkr\u00e9tne kroky na zlep\u0161enie situ\u00e1cie najzranite\u013enej\u0161\u00edch mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, pri\u010dom vyu\u017eila strat\u00e9giu soci\u00e1lneho za\u010dlenenia.<sup>11<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Strat\u00e9gie v oblasti ml\u00e1de\u017ee zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa potrebu kvalitn\u00e9ho poradenstva a podpory pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Flexibiln\u00fd syst\u00e9m usmernen\u00ed by im mal pom\u00f4c\u0165 pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo vzdelan\u00ed, zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pred\u010dasn\u00e9 ukon\u010denie \u0161t\u00fadia a n\u00e1js\u0165 lep\u0161\u00ed s\u00falad medzi ich schopnos\u0165ami a po\u017eiadavkami trhu pr\u00e1ce. Okrem toho by ich mal informova\u0165 o r\u00f4znych mo\u017enostiach, ako s\u00fa vzdel\u00e1vacie programy, vo\u013eno\u010dasov\u00e9 aktivity \u010di zamestnanie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00daspe\u0161n\u00e9 programy\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 projekty E\u00da patria najm\u00e4 Erasmus+, Eur\u00f3psky zbor solidarity a\u202fDiscoverEU. Pri projekte Erasmus+ si \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci zlep\u0161uj\u00fa odborn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti v\u202fr\u00f4znych oblastiach pod\u013ea ich zvolen\u00e9ho zamerania. Pri n\u00e1v\u0161teve krajiny si intenz\u00edvne osvojuj\u00fa dan\u00fd jazyk ako aj rozv\u00edjaj\u00fa svoju schopnos\u0165 sa adaptova\u0165 na nov\u00e9 kult\u00farne a\u202fpracovn\u00e9 prostredie. Eur\u00f3psky zbor solidarity zasa pon\u00faka dobrovo\u013en\u00edcku pr\u00e1cu, ktor\u00e9 podporuje empatiu, t\u00edmov\u00fa pr\u00e1cu a\u202fob\u010diansku anga\u017eovanos\u0165. <sup>12<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci maj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 sk\u00fasenosti v\u202foblasti projektov\u00e9ho riadenia a\u202fkomunitn\u00e9ho rozvoja. Medzi konkr\u00e9tne pr\u00ednosy, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161a projekt DiscoverEU patria geografick\u00e9, kult\u00farne a\u202fjazykov\u00e9 poznania ako aj mo\u017enos\u0165 zlep\u0161i\u0165 si svoju schopnos\u0165 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho cestovania a\u202fpl\u00e1novania.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Identifik\u00e1cia bari\u00e9r a\u202fv\u00fdziev pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00da\u010das\u0165 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed na projektoch financovan\u00fdch Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou predstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 pre ich osobn\u00fd, odborn\u00fd a soci\u00e1lny rozvoj. Tieto projekty im umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa z\u00edska\u0165 mnoho nov\u00fdch zru\u010dnosti, nadviaza\u0165 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 kontakty alebo zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 ich profesijn\u00e9 kompetencie. Av\u0161ak aj napriek t\u00fdmto pr\u00edle\u017eitostiam sa mlad\u00ed \u013eudia stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa s r\u00f4znymi bari\u00e9rami, ktor\u00e9 im m\u00f4\u017eu br\u00e1ni\u0165 v plnom zapojen\u00ed do t\u00fdchto aktiv\u00edt.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bari\u00e9ry pri \u00fa\u010dasti na projektoch financovan\u00fdch E\u00da\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>V celej Eur\u00f3pe s\u00fa mlad\u00ed \u013eudia obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zranite\u013en\u00ed vo\u010di chudobe. Hoci sa porovn\u00e1vacie anal\u00fdzy zvykn\u00fa zameriava\u0165 v\u00fdlu\u010dne na pr\u00edjmov\u00e9 ukazovatele chudoby, \u00fadaje ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee mlad\u00ed Eur\u00f3pania ako celok s\u00fa tie\u017e n\u00e1chylnej\u0161\u00ed za\u017e\u00edva\u0165 materi\u00e1lnu a soci\u00e1lnu depriv\u00e1ciu a z\u00e1kladn\u00fa chudobu. Navy\u0161e, sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s chudobou nie je obmedzen\u00e1 len na mal\u00fa men\u0161inu \u201esoci\u00e1lne vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00fdch\u201c mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ale je ve\u013emi be\u017en\u00e1 pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v Eur\u00f3pe v r\u00f4znych f\u00e1zach ich prechodu do dospelosti.<sup>13<\/sup> Preto \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na projektoch financovan\u00fdch E\u00da m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 finan\u010dne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Mlad\u00ed \u013eudia zo znev\u00fdhodnen\u00fdch prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky na pokrytie n\u00e1kladov na cestovanie, ubytovanie, stravu alebo r\u00f4zne poplatky spojen\u00e9 s projektom, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v nev\u00fdhode. Aj ke\u010f niektor\u00e9 projekty poskytuj\u00fa financovanie, st\u00e1le existuj\u00fa n\u00e1klady, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pre niektor\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov neprekonate\u013en\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho projektov E\u00da sa realizuje v cudz\u00edch jazykoch, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u00fdzvou pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00fa jazykov\u00fa zru\u010dnos\u0165. Jazykov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 probl\u00e9my pri komunik\u00e1cii, porozumen\u00ed a akt\u00edvnej \u00fa\u010dasti v projekte. T\u00fdm sa m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 ich efekt\u00edvne zapojenie do aktiv\u00edt a tie\u017e obmedzi\u0165 ich mo\u017enos\u0165 nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 nov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bari\u00e9ru pri \u00fa\u010dasti na projektoch E\u00da, predstavuje aj n\u00edzka informovanos\u0165 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 informovanos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k tomu, \u017ee mlad\u00ed \u013eudia nevyu\u017eij\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitosti na zlep\u0161enie svojich zru\u010dnost\u00ed alebo rozvoj kari\u00e9ry. Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto projektov m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nezn\u00e1me alebo \u0165a\u017eko dostupn\u00e9 pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k spr\u00e1vnym inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Organiz\u00e1cia programov\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri organizovan\u00ed projektov pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v\u202fE\u00da, je potrebn\u00e9 presk\u00fama\u0165 a\u202fzisti\u0165 ak\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom a\u202fbari\u00e9ram m\u00f4\u017eu \u010deli\u0165 nielen organiz\u00e1cie, ale aj mlad\u00ed \u013eudia alebo u\u010ditelia a\u202fr\u00f4zni soci\u00e1lni pracovn\u00edci. Mnoh\u00ed mlad\u00ed \u013eudia, u\u010ditelia, pracovn\u00edci s ml\u00e1de\u017eou, soci\u00e1lni pracovn\u00edci, koordin\u00e1tori a ved\u00faci ml\u00e1de\u017en\u00edckych organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, alebo jednoducho t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa zasadzuj\u00fa za pr\u00e1va a potreby ml\u00e1de\u017ee, \u010dasto prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa s v\u00fdborn\u00fdmi a inovat\u00edvnymi n\u00e1padmi na medzi-kult\u00farne projekty pre mlad\u00fdch. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, niektor\u00ed v\u00e1haj\u00fa tieto my\u0161lienky realizova\u0165, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa pocit, \u017ee im ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa sk\u00fasenosti s pr\u00edpravou a realiz\u00e1ciou tak\u00fdchto projektov, a preto sa ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee organiz\u00e1cia medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch projektov pre ml\u00e1de\u017e je pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1.<sup>14<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie kroky pri tvorbe \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho projektu patr\u00ed samotn\u00e1 defin\u00edcia projektu, teda to \u010domu sa budeme venova\u0165, pre koho je \u0161pecifick\u00fd tvoren\u00fd a\u202f\u010do n\u00edm chceme dosiahnu\u0165. Prepar\u00e1cia, ako h\u013eadanie financovania, tvorba aktiv\u00edt a\u202f\u00faloh pre \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov ako aj h\u013eadanie partnerov, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 najrizikovej\u0161ou f\u00e1zou, ke\u010f\u017ee pri ne\u00faspechu splnenia dan\u00e9ho kroku, sa s\u202fprojektom \u010falej ned\u00e1 pohn\u00fa\u0165 dopredu. Realiz\u00e1cia a\u202fhodnotenie projektu s\u202fm\u00f4\u017eu uskuto\u010dni\u0165 a\u017e ke\u010f s\u00fa v\u0161etky predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face podmienky splnen\u00e9.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Graf \u010d. 3: \u017divotn\u00fd cyklus projektu&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"890\" height=\"620\" src=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-3.jpeg 890w, https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-3-300x209.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-3-768x535.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-3-600x418.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 890px) 100vw, 890px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdroj: Project life cycle. Graphic: Image: Michael Kimming&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Graf \u010d. 3 zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 kroky pri tvorbe \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho projektu. Celkovo je proces rozdelen\u00fd do 4 \u010dast\u00ed, pri\u010dom najpodstatnej\u0161ou a\u202fnajd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou je samotn\u00e9 definovanie a\u202fpr\u00edprava projektu.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u00da \u010del\u00ed viacer\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom pri organizovan\u00ed programov pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Hoci poskytuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 financie na programy ako Erasmus+, mnoho organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed v \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch nem\u00e1 dostatok zdrojov na realiz\u00e1ciu t\u00fdchto projektov a\u202fprobl\u00e9mom s\u00fa aj rozdiely&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>vo financovan\u00ed medzi regi\u00f3nmi, najm\u00e4 medzi bohat\u0161\u00edmi a chudobnej\u0161\u00edmi krajinami, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu obmedzi\u0165 pr\u00edstup k programom. Bari\u00e9ru tvoria aj zlo\u017eit\u00e9 procesy pri pod\u00e1van\u00ed \u017eiadost\u00ed o financovanie a\u202fadministrat\u00edvne procesy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u010dasto n\u00e1ro\u010dne a komplikovan\u00e9 a\u202fdok\u00e1\u017eu odradi\u0165 nie len organiz\u00e1cie ale aj jedincov. <sup>15<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existencia \u201edigit\u00e1lnej priepasti\u201c br\u00e1ni mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom plne sa zapoji\u0165 do programov. Hoci E\u00da podporuje digit\u00e1lnu transform\u00e1ciu, rozdiely v\u202fdigit\u00e1lnej gramotnosti a\u202fpr\u00edstupe k\u202ftechnol\u00f3gi\u00e1m pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa. To taktie\u017e sp\u00f4sobuje n\u00edzku \u00farove\u0148 informovanosti medzi mlad\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00fd ani nevedia o\u202fmo\u017enostiach, ktor\u00e9 im E\u00da pon\u00faka. V\u202fneposlednom rade udalosti ako pand\u00e9mia COVID-19 v\u00fdrazne obmedzuj\u00fa cestovanie a\u202fteda aj realiz\u00e1ciu projektov pre mlad\u00fdch, ako aj d\u00f4raz na ekologick\u00fa udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165 ovplyv\u0148uje realiz\u00e1ciu medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch v\u00fdmen a\u202ffyzick\u00fdch stretnut\u00ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Soci\u00e1lne a\u202fkult\u00farne faktory\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri organiz\u00e1cii a realiz\u00e1cii projektov E\u00da pre ml\u00e1de\u017e je nevyhnutn\u00e9 bra\u0165 do \u00favahy soci\u00e1lne a kult\u00farne rozdiely medzi mlad\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi z r\u00f4znych kraj\u00edn a regi\u00f3nov E\u00da. Tieto faktory m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00e1sadne ovplyvni\u0165 ich schopnos\u0165 a ochotu participova\u0165 na projektoch. Mlad\u00ed \u013eudia z od\u013eahl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, marginalizovan\u00fdch komun\u00edt, ako s\u00fa osoby so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm, men\u0161iny alebo migranti, \u010delia osobitn\u00fdm v\u00fdzvam pri zap\u00e1jan\u00ed sa do medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch projektoch. Taktie\u017e aj mlad\u00ed z\u202fekonomicky slab\u0161\u00edch regi\u00f3nov E\u00da m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 obmedzen\u00fd pr\u00edstup k potrebn\u00fdm zdrojom, ako s\u00fa financie, technol\u00f3gie alebo vzdelanie. R\u00f4zne nerovnosti v\u202fdostupnosti dopravy \u010di digit\u00e1lnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary danej krajiny, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 prek\u00e1\u017ekami ktor\u00e9 im br\u00e1nia pri \u00fa\u010dasti na programoch a\u202fzap\u00e1jan\u00ed sa do medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt E\u00da.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Politick\u00e9 rozdiely a euroskepticizmus v niektor\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch m\u00f4\u017eu komplikova\u0165 podporu ml\u00e1de\u017en\u00edckych programov. Mlad\u00ed \u013eudia v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach E\u00da maj\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 potreby a z\u00e1ujmy. \u010co funguje v jednej krajine, nemus\u00ed by\u0165 relevantn\u00e9 alebo efekt\u00edvne v inej. N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 je tie\u017e adresova\u0165 v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s integr\u00e1ciou mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed z r\u00f4znych kult\u00farnych prostred\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010co sa t\u00fdka kult\u00farnej rozmanitosti, tak ka\u017ed\u00e1 krajina a\u202fregi\u00f3n m\u00e1 svoje \u0161pecifick\u00e9 kult\u00farne normy, hodnoty a\u202ftrad\u00edcie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm mlad\u00ed \u013eudia vn\u00edmaj\u00fa projekty a\u202fspolupr\u00e1cu na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni. Rozdiely v\u202fjazykoch alebo n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve, predstavuj\u00fa v\u00fdzvy pri komunik\u00e1cii a\u202fvz\u00e1jomnom porozumen\u00ed. Na rozdiel od v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny kraj\u00edn je Eur\u00f3pa mnohojazy\u010dn\u00fdm spolo\u010denstvom a pravdepodobne n\u00edm zostane aj v doh\u013eadnej bud\u00facnosti. Aby mohla vznikn\u00fa\u0165 nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e1 verejn\u00e1 sf\u00e9ra, ktor\u00e1 by podporila jednotn\u00fa eur\u00f3psku identitu, bolo by potrebn\u00e9 prekona\u0165 t\u00fato jazykov\u00fa r\u00f4znorodos\u0165.<sup>16<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zhodnotenie v\u00fdsledkov a\u202fn\u00e1vrhy na zlep\u0161enie\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Efekt\u00edvne hodnotenie v\u00fdsledkov projektov a iniciat\u00edv pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm krokom na ceste k neust\u00e1lemu zlep\u0161ovaniu programov E\u00da. Tieto projekty zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu pri rozvoji schopnost\u00ed, posil\u0148ovan\u00ed medzi-kult\u00farneho porozumenia a podpore akt\u00edvneho ob\u010dianstva mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed naprie\u010d Eur\u00f3pou. Hoci E\u00da u\u017e dosiahla mnoh\u00e9 \u00faspechy v oblasti ml\u00e1de\u017en\u00edckych programov, je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pravidelne reflektova\u0165 ich dopad, identifikova\u0165 slab\u00e9 miesta a navrhova\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne opatrenia na ich zlep\u0161enie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zhodnotenie v\u00fdsledkov\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>V r\u00e1mci eur\u00f3pskeho pr\u00edstupu k politike ml\u00e1de\u017ee sa ve\u013ek\u00fd d\u00f4raz kladie na rie\u0161enie soci\u00e1lneho vyl\u00fa\u010denia, prevenciu soci\u00e1lne ne\u017eiaduceho spr\u00e1vania a podporu za\u010dlenenia mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed do spolo\u010dnosti, hlavne prostredn\u00edctvom akt\u00edvnych programov na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Na druhej strane, opatrenia zameran\u00e9 na zni\u017eovanie chudoby medzi mlad\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi, napr\u00edklad zlep\u0161ovan\u00edm soci\u00e1lnych d\u00e1vok alebo zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm minim\u00e1lnej mzdy, s\u00fa \u010dasto zanedb\u00e1van\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je potrebn\u00e9 d\u00f4kladne zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 s\u00favislosti medzi \u0161tudentsk\u00fdm statusom a rizikom chudoby v niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. Ak \u0161t\u00fadium zvy\u0161uje pravdepodobnos\u0165 chudoby, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 presk\u00fama\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010diny a n\u00e1js\u0165 rie\u0161enia. Tieto zistenia by v\u0161ak nemali vies\u0165 k tomu, aby sa zni\u017eoval v\u00fdznam vzdelania.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u00e1vrhy na zlep\u0161enie efektivity programov E\u00da\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Programy E\u00da pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed maj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fd potenci\u00e1l, ale ich efektivita \u010dasto z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, \u010di sa podar\u00ed odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 existuj\u00face bari\u00e9ry a\u202fspr\u00edstupni\u0165 ich \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu po\u010dtu mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Prv\u00fdm krokom by malo by\u0165 zjednodu\u0161enie administrat\u00edvnych procesov, ke\u010f\u017ee \u010dastokr\u00e1t zlo\u017eit\u00e9 formul\u00e1re a\u202fnejasn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 odr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa mlad\u00fdch od ich \u00fa\u010dasti. Pom\u00f4c\u0165 by mohol preh\u013eadn\u00fd online port\u00e1l s\u202fjednoduch\u00fdmi pokynmi. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je aj zv\u00fd\u0161enie informovanosti, finan\u010dn\u00e1 podpora a\u202fpodpora diverzity a\u202finkl\u00fazie.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u00da, by mohla viac podporova\u0165 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu medzi krajinami a\u202fzlep\u0161i\u0165 hodnotenie svojich programov. Pravideln\u00e9 zis\u0165ovanie sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby od \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov by pomohlo zisti\u0165, \u010do skuto\u010dne funguje a\u202f\u010do by sa mohlo zlep\u0161i\u0165.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u00e1vrhy pre in\u0161tit\u00facie a\u202forganiz\u00e1torov programov\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u00da pon\u00faka mno\u017estvo projektov a\u202finiciat\u00edv pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre nich benefi\u010dn\u00e9 a\u202fktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa budova\u0165 eur\u00f3psku identitu. Vyskytuj\u00fa sa tu v\u0161ak viacer\u00e9 faktory a\u202fbari\u00e9ry br\u00e1niace ich vyu\u017e\u00edvaniu. Preto sme sa rozhodli uvies\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne a\u202f\u0161pecifick\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy pr\u00e1ve pre organiz\u00e1torov t\u00fdchto programov, ktor\u00e9 by mohli pom\u00f4c\u0165 lep\u0161iemu zapojeniu sa mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed do projektov ktor\u00e9 pon\u00fakaj\u00fa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Podpora interkult\u00farneho vzdel\u00e1vania\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Organizovanie \u0161kolen\u00ed a\u202fworkshopov na zlep\u0161enie kult\u00farnej citlivosti a\u202fporozumenia medzi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zn\u00ed\u017eenie finan\u010dn\u00fdch bari\u00e9r\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Poskytovanie grantov a\u202ffinan\u010dnej podpory pre mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed z\u202fmenej rozvinut\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zlep\u0161enie informovanosti\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Efekt\u00edvna propag\u00e1cia projektov a\u202finiciat\u00edv E\u00da prostredn\u00edctvom region\u00e1lnych kan\u00e1lov a\u202fjazykovo prisp\u00f4soben\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1ver<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku bolo identifikova\u0165 pr\u00ednos a efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 eur\u00f3pskych projektov, ako s\u00fa Erasmus+ a in\u00e9 iniciat\u00edvy, pri rozvoji mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v oblastiach vzdel\u00e1vania, zamestnanosti a soci\u00e1lnej integr\u00e1cie. S\u00fastredili sme sa na ot\u00e1zky, ako tieto projekty prispievaj\u00fa k rozvoju zru\u010dnost\u00ed a mobility mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v medzin\u00e1rodnom kontexte, a ak\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky br\u00e1nia ich pln\u00e9mu vyu\u017eitiu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V prvej \u010dasti \u010dl\u00e1nku sme sk\u00famali pozit\u00edvny vplyv projektov financovan\u00fdch Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou na rozvoj odborn\u00fdch, jazykov\u00fdch a soci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Zistili sme, \u017ee tak\u00e9to programy v\u00fdznamne podporuj\u00fa ich osobnostn\u00fd rast a zvy\u0161uj\u00fa konkurencieschopnos\u0165 na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Pr\u00edklady \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov ilustruj\u00fa, ako medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u010faka t\u00fdmto projektom prispievaj\u00fa k ich sebavedomiu a lep\u0161iemu uplatneniu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V druhej \u010dasti sme sa venovali v\u00fdzvam, ktor\u00fdm \u010delia \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci projektov. Identifikovali sme bari\u00e9ry, ako s\u00fa jazykov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 informovanos\u0165 o dostupn\u00fdch mo\u017enostiach, finan\u010dn\u00e9 obmedzenia a byrokratick\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky. Tieto faktory \u010dasto br\u00e1nia mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom plne vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pon\u00fakan\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tretej \u010dasti sme formulovali odpor\u00fa\u010dania na zlep\u0161enie efekt\u00edvnosti t\u00fdchto programov. Navrhujeme zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 administrat\u00edvne procesy, zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 dostupnos\u0165 finan\u010dnej podpory a zamera\u0165 sa na lep\u0161iu propag\u00e1ciu projektov medzi mlad\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi. Eur\u00f3pske in\u0161tit\u00facie by mali tie\u017e kl\u00e1s\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4raz na inkluz\u00edvnos\u0165, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee projekty bud\u00fa pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch zo znev\u00fdhodnen\u00fdch skup\u00edn.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nok z\u00e1rove\u0148 poukazuje na v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pr\u00ednos t\u00fdchto projektov pre podporu mobility a soci\u00e1lnej integr\u00e1cie v eur\u00f3pskom priestore. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 zistenia m\u00f4\u017eu sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako v\u00fdchodisko pre \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00fd by sa mohol zaobera\u0165 dlhodob\u00fdm dopadom \u00fa\u010dasti na tak\u00fdchto programoch alebo rozdielmi v ich efekt\u00edvnosti medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi krajinami. Na z\u00e1ver zd\u00f4raz\u0148ujeme, \u017ee invest\u00edcie do medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch projektov, ktor\u00e9 podporuj\u00fa mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 nielen pre ich individu\u00e1lny rast, ale aj pre budovanie silnej a prepojenej Eur\u00f3py.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apis Center: <em>What does being a\u202fEuropean citizen mean to Young People?. <\/em>[online], [cit. 23.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: &lt; https:\/\/apis.center\/en\/what-do-young-people-think-about-europe\/&gt;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Climate Europa: <em>European Youth for Climate Action. <\/em>[online], [cit. 23.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: &lt; https:\/\/climate.ec.europa.eu\/document\/download\/03d1dc23-bf47-4457-8e0a-7a88e9cff6c5_en?filename=initiative_6_youth_en.pdf&gt;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>COLLEY, H. \u2013 BOETZELEN. P. \u2013 HOSKINS. B. \u2013 PARVEVA. T. 2007. <em>Social inclusion for young people: breaking down the barriers<\/em>. Council of Europe Publishing, 2007. 212 s. ISBN 92-871-5826-6&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ECA: <em>Auditn\u00fd kompendium \u2013<\/em> <em>Zamestnanos\u0165 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed<\/em>. [online], [cit. 26.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/sites\/cc\/Lists\/CCDocuments\/CC_AUDIT_COMPENDIUM\/CC-AUDIT_COMPENDIUM_SK.pdf&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Erasmus-plus: <em>Programme level overview of project data<\/em>. [online], [cit. 20.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: &lt; https:\/\/erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu\/sk\/resources-and-tools\/factsheets-statistics-evaluations\/statistics\/data\/overview&gt;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUR-Lex: <em>Program Eur\u00f3psky zbor solidarity na roky 2021-2027<\/em>. [online], [cit. 20.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete:&nbsp; &lt;https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/SK\/TXT\/?uri=LEGISSUM:4532507&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUR-Lex: <em>Uznesenie Rady Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie a\u202fz\u00e1stupcov vl\u00e1d \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, ktor\u00ed sa zi\u0161li na zasadnut\u00ed Rady, o\u202fr\u00e1mci pre eur\u00f3psku spolupr\u00e1cu v\u202foblasti ml\u00e1de\u017ee: strat\u00e9gia Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie pre ml\u00e1de\u017e na roky 2019-2027. <\/em>[online], [cit. 20.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: &lt;https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/SK\/TXT\/?uri=celex:42018YI1218(01) #document1&gt;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUR-Lex: <em>Vzdel\u00e1vanie, odborn\u00e1 pr\u00edprava a ml\u00e1de\u017e<\/em>. [online], [cit. 20.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/eurlex.europa.eu\/summary\/chapter\/education_training_youth.html?locale=sk&amp;root_default=SUM_1_CODED%3D15&amp;utm&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUR\u00d3PSKA KOMISIA. 2001. Biela kniha o ml\u00e1de\u017ei: nov\u00fd impulz pre eur\u00f3psku ml\u00e1de\u017e. Brusel: Eur\u00f3pska komisia, 2001. 48 s. ISBN 92-894-0375-1&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EUR\u00d3PSKY DVOR AUD\u00cdTOROV. 2024. Mobilita mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v E\u00da: v\u00fdzvy a mo\u017enosti. Luxembursko: Eur\u00f3psky dvor aud\u00edtorov, 2024. 42 s. ISBN 978-92-9248-308-0&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>KIMMING, M.:<em> International Youth Projects 101: Organising Youth Exchanges. <\/em>30. M\u00e1j 2022 [online], [cit. 26.12.2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: &lt; https:\/\/michaelkimmig.eu\/topics\/coaching-mentoring\/&gt;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LIPKOV\u00c1, \u013d. 2011. Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania. Bratislava: Sprint dva, 2011. 448 s.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ISBN 97855059393336&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MARTI, T. \u2013 KRZAKLEWSKA. E. \u2013 BASARAB. T. 2020. <em>Youth worker education in Europe:<\/em> <em>Policies, structures, practices. <\/em>Council of Europe Publishing, 2020. 220 s.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ISBN 978-92-871-8868-7&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RISSE, T. \u2013 MAIER. L. M.: <em>Europeanization, collective identities and public discourses (IDNET)<\/em>.&nbsp; [online], [cit. 26.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: &lt;https:\/\/www.files.ethz.ch\/isn\/27144\/07_Maier_Risse-03.pdf&gt;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SALTO-YOUTH: <em>Zapoj sa do inkl\u00fazie<\/em>!. [online], [cit. 23.12.2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.salto-youth.net\/downloads\/4-17 4356\/Zapoj%20Sa%20Do%20Inkl%C3%BAzie.pdf&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Youth Europa: <em>Report on the results of the call fot ideas on the European Year of Youth. <\/em>[online], [cit. 23.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: &lt;https:\/\/youth.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-files\/Co-creation%20survey%20report.pdf&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Youth Europa: <em>Sprievodca Eur\u00f3pskym zborom solidarity<\/em>.<strong> <\/strong>[online], [cit. 26.12.2024] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/youth.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-files\/european_solidarity_corps_guide_2024_sk_v2.pdf&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00davod&nbsp; Eur\u00f3pske projekty ako Erasmus+ a \u010fal\u0161ie iniciat\u00edvy Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie (E\u00da) s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi podpory mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v oblasti vzdel\u00e1vania, zamestnanosti a soci\u00e1lnej integr\u00e1cie. Sk\u00famame, ako tieto projekty prispievaj\u00fa k\u202fzlep\u0161eniu odborn\u00fdch, jazykov\u00fdch a\u202fsoci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov, posilneniu ich mobility a\u202fosobnostn\u00e9ho rastu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zis\u0165ujeme, ak\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a\u202fobmedzenia \u010delia \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci t\u00fdchto programov. Tieto programy pom\u00e1haj\u00fa mlad\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom rozv\u00edja\u0165 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pr\u00ednosy a bari\u00e9ry eur\u00f3pskych projektov - RE:PUB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.repub.sk\/?p=1348\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pr\u00ednosy a bari\u00e9ry eur\u00f3pskych projektov - RE:PUB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00davod&nbsp; Eur\u00f3pske projekty ako Erasmus+ a \u010fal\u0161ie iniciat\u00edvy Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie (E\u00da) s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi podpory mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v oblasti vzdel\u00e1vania, zamestnanosti a soci\u00e1lnej integr\u00e1cie. 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